GitLab CI执行docker命令报错：lookup docker on 127.0.0.11:53: no such host

我在GitLab CI中运行自动化测试，测试过程需要执行多个docker exec命令，但遇到了如下错误：

error during connect: Get "http://docker:2375/v1.24/containers/json": dial tcp: lookup docker on 127.0.0.11:53: no such host

我找到过一个解决方案，但它仅适用于自行托管GitLab Runner的场景，而我们并未自行托管，无法使用该方案。

以下是我简化后的.gitlab-ci.yml配置：

image: docker:23.0.3

variables:
  GIT_SUBMODULE_STRATEGY: recursive
  DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
  DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ''
  FF_NETWORK_PER_BUILD: 1
  CI_DEBUG_SERVICES: "true"

services:
  - name: registry.gitlab.com/path/to/image:tag
    alias: 'testserver'

stages:
  - test
  - deploy

cache:
  paths:
    - node_modules/

test:
  stage: test
  before_script:
    - echo '>>>>> DEBUG - install all required packages and project dependencies'
    - apk update && apk add nodejs npm git
    - npm install --global yarn
    - yarn install
  script:
    - echo '>>>>> DEBUG - list docker containers'
    - docker ps
    - echo '>>>>> DEBUG - run tests'
    - yarn test:ci
  artifacts:
    reports:
      coverage_report:
        coverage_format: cobertura
        path: coverage/cobertura-coverage.xml
  coverage: '/All files[^|]*\|[^|]*\s+([\d\.]+)/'

我添加了docker ps命令查看运行中的容器，但依旧出现相同错误：

error during connect: Get "http://docker:2375/v1.24/containers/json": dial tcp: lookup docker on 127.0.0.11:53: no such host

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者dokgu