Karate Gatling如何模拟多账号同时登录负载测试

问题描述 #

需要开展多用户同时登录的负载测试，当前通过Scenario Outline配置登录凭证会导致串行执行，无法满足多账号同时登录的需求。现有示例仅配置3个测试账号，实际需测试100个账号的同时登录，如何实现该场景？

原Feature文件 #

Feature: Login for users

  Scenario Outline: login for -  <accountNumber>
   
    * def myAccountNumber = <accountNumber>
    * def myCardNumber = <cardNumber>

Given url baseUrl+'/session/loginchallenge?accountNumber='+myAccountNumber+'&cardNumber='+myCardNumber
And header Authorization = call read('classpath:basic-auth.js'){ username: '#(username)', password: '#(password)' }
When method GET
Then status 200

 Examples:
      | accountNumber | cardNumber |
      | 491081000     | 123        | 
      | 106807111     | 999        | 
      | 102005222     | 090        | 

原Scala文件 #

import com.intuit.karate.gatling.PreDef._
import io.gatling.core.Predef._

import scala.concurrent.duration.DurationInt
import scala.language.postfixOps

class PerfPushDevicesBulk extends Simulation {

  before {
    println("Perf tests started")
  }

 
  val getTest1 = scenario("Login  for 100 different users").exec(karateFeature("classpath:features/Performance/LoginPerformance.feature"))
 
  setUp(

    getTest1.inject(atOnceUsers(1))
  

  ).assertions(
    global.responseTime.max.lt(2000)

  )

  after {
    println("Perf tests ended")
  }
}

解决方案 #

核心逻辑 #

Scenario Outline的Examples是串行遍历数据的，不适合并发场景。要实现多账号同时登录，需让每个Gatling虚拟用户独立获取唯一账号，通过Gatling的Feeder机制分配数据源即可。

步骤1：准备账号数据源 #

创建accounts.json文件放在项目classpath下，存入100个账号数据：

[
  {"accountNumber": "491081000", "cardNumber": "123"},
  {"accountNumber": "106807111", "cardNumber": "999"},
  {"accountNumber": "102005222", "cardNumber": "090"},
  // 补充剩余97个账号数据...
]

步骤2：修改Feature文件 #

去掉Scenario Outline，改用普通Scenario，直接使用Gatling传入的账号变量：

Feature: Login for users

  Scenario: Concurrent login with unique account
    * def myAccountNumber = accountNumber
    * def myCardNumber = cardNumber

    Given url baseUrl + '/session/loginchallenge?accountNumber=' + myAccountNumber + '&cardNumber=' + myCardNumber
    And header Authorization = call read('classpath:basic-auth.js'){ username: '#(username)', password: '#(password)' }
    When method GET
    Then status 200

步骤3：调整Scala配置并发用户 #

通过Gatling Feeder分配账号，同时启动100个虚拟用户：

import com.intuit.karate.gatling.PreDef._
import io.gatling.core.Predef._

import scala.concurrent.duration.DurationInt
import scala.language.postfixOps

class PerfPushDevicesBulk extends Simulation {

  before {
    println("Perf tests started")
  }

  // 加载账号数据源，queue模式保证每个账号仅被使用一次
  val accountFeeder = jsonFile("accounts.json").queue

  val getTest1 = scenario("Login for 100 different users")
    .feed(accountFeeder) // 为每个虚拟用户分配唯一账号
    .exec(karateFeature("classpath:features/Performance/LoginPerformance.feature")
      .set("accountNumber", "${accountNumber}")
      .set("cardNumber", "${cardNumber}"))
 
  setUp(
    getTest1.inject(atOnceUsers(100)) // 同时启动100个并发用户
  ).assertions(
    global.responseTime.max.lt(2000)
  )

  after {
    println("Perf tests ended")
  }
}

关键说明 #

• 若需循环使用账号（比如压测时长超过100次登录），将queue改为circular即可
• Gatling Feeder会自动为每个虚拟用户分配独立账号，彻底解决串行执行问题
• 后续扩展账号数量只需修改accounts.json，无需调整测试逻辑

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Neha