Python Telegram Bot无法转发群组内图片、贴纸等媒体的修复咨询

我开发了一个Python Telegram Bot，用于将格式化文本、带说明的图片、视频、贴纸等消息转发到已添加该Bot的群组中。但目前遇到图片、贴纸及类似媒体内容无法转发的问题，尝试了所有已知方法仍未解决，以下是我的代码，请问该如何修复？

import telebot
from telebot.types import Message

bot_token = '(I hide it)'
ALLOWED_USER_ID = 746422763

bot = telebot.TeleBot(bot_token)


def is_bot_in_group(chat_id):
    with open('groups.txt', 'r') as file:
        existing_chat_ids = [line.strip() for line in file.readlines()]
    return str(chat_id) in existing_chat_ids


def add_group(chat_id):
    with open('groups.txt', 'a') as file:
        file.write(str(chat_id) + '\n')


existing_chat_ids = []


@bot.message_handler(func=lambda message: message.new_chat_members and bot.get_me().id in [user.id for user in message.new_chat_members])
def on_bot_added_to_group(message):
    chat_id = message.chat.id
    if not is_bot_in_group(chat_id):
        add_group(chat_id)


@bot.message_handler(commands=['start'])
def handle_start_command(message):
    user_id = message.from_user.id
    response = f"Бот запущен.\n\nТвой Telegram айди: {user_id}"
    bot.send_message(message.chat.id, response)


@bot.message_handler(commands=['getgroups'])
def handle_getgroups_command(message):
    user_id = message.from_user.id
    response = "Список групп, в которых находится бот:\n"
    chat_ids = get_existing_chat_ids()
    for chat_id in chat_ids:
        response += f"- Группа с айди {chat_id}\n"
    bot.send_message(user_id, response)


@bot.message_handler(func=lambda message: message.chat.type == 'group')
def handle_group_message(message):
    chat_id = message.chat.id
    if not is_bot_in_group(chat_id):
        add_group(chat_id)
    else:
        forward_message_to_groups(chat_id, message)


@bot.message_handler(func=lambda message: message.chat.type == 'private')
def handle_private_message(message):
    chat_ids = get_existing_chat_ids()
    for group_id in chat_ids:
        forward_message(group_id, message)


def forward_message_to_groups(source_group_id, message):
    chat_ids = get_existing_chat_ids()
    for group_id in chat_ids:
        if group_id != str(source_group_id):
            forward_message(group_id, message)


def forward_message(chat_id, message):
    if message.text:
        bot.send_message(chat_id, message.text, parse_mode='HTML')
    elif message.photo:
        for photo in message.photo:
            bot.send_photo(chat_id, photo.file_id)
    elif message.caption:
        for photo in message.photo:
            bot.send_photo(chat_id, photo.file_id, caption=message.caption)
    elif message.document:
        bot.send_document(chat_id, message.document.file_id)
    elif message.audio:
        bot.send_audio(chat_id, message.audio.file_id)
    elif message.voice:
        bot.send_voice(chat_id, message.voice.file_id)
    elif message.video:
        bot.send_video(chat_id, message.video.file_id)
    elif message.video_note:
        bot.send_video_note(chat_id, message.video_note.file_id)
    elif message.sticker:
        bot.send_sticker(chat_id, message.sticker.file_id)


def get_existing_chat_ids():
    with open('groups.txt', 'r') as file:
        existing_chat_ids = [line.strip() for line in file.readlines()]
    return existing_chat_ids


def start_bot_in_groups():
    updates = bot.get_updates()
    for update in updates:
        chat_id = update.message.chat.id
        chat_type = update.message.chat.type
        if chat_type == 'group' and not is_bot_in_group(chat_id):
            add_group(chat_id)
    bot.infinity_polling()


bot.add_message_handler(on_bot_added_to_group)
bot.add_message_handler(handle_start_command)
bot.add_message_handler(handle_getgroups_command)
bot.add_message_handler(handle_group_message)
bot.add_message_handler(handle_private_message)
start_bot_in_groups()

bot.polling(none_stop=False, interval=0)

问题分析与修复方案 #

1. 媒体消息转发逻辑错误

原forward_message函数的条件分支顺序存在问题：带说明的图片会先进入message.photo分支，导致后续的message.caption分支永远无法执行；同时发送所有分辨率的图片属于冗余操作，只需选择最高分辨率的图片（列表最后一个元素）。此外，部分媒体类型未携带说明文字转发，需补充caption参数。

修复后的forward_message函数：

def forward_message(chat_id, message):
    if message.text:
        bot.send_message(chat_id, message.text, parse_mode='HTML')
    elif message.photo:
        # 选择最高分辨率的图片并附带说明文字
        bot.send_photo(chat_id, message.photo[-1].file_id, caption=message.caption, parse_mode='HTML')
    elif message.document:
        bot.send_document(chat_id, message.document.file_id, caption=message.caption, parse_mode='HTML')
    elif message.audio:
        bot.send_audio(chat_id, message.audio.file_id, caption=message.caption, parse_mode='HTML')
    elif message.voice:
        bot.send_voice(chat_id, message.voice.file_id)
    elif message.video:
        bot.send_video(chat_id, message.video.file_id, caption=message.caption, parse_mode='HTML')
    elif message.video_note:
        bot.send_video_note(chat_id, message.video_note.file_id)
    elif message.sticker:
        bot.send_sticker(chat_id, message.sticker.file_id)

2. 重复启动Polling导致冲突

原代码中先后调用bot.infinity_polling()和bot.polling()，这会引发运行冲突，只能保留一个Polling启动方式。修改start_bot_in_groups函数并删除多余的Polling调用：

def start_bot_in_groups():
    updates = bot.get_updates()
    for update in updates:
        if update.message:
            chat_id = update.message.chat.id
            chat_type = update.message.chat.type
            if chat_type == 'group' and not is_bot_in_group(chat_id):
                add_group(chat_id)
    # 仅保留一个持久化Polling
    bot.infinity_polling(none_stop=True, interval=0)

同时删除代码最后一行的bot.polling(none_stop=False, interval=0)。

3. 冗余Handler注册引发逻辑混乱

原代码同时使用@bot.message_handler装饰器和bot.add_message_handler()手动注册Handler，重复注册会导致消息处理逻辑紊乱，需删除所有bot.add_message_handler()调用，仅保留装饰器注册方式。

4. 私人消息权限控制（可选但建议）

原代码中ALLOWED_USER_ID未生效，任何人都能通过私人聊天向群组转发消息，建议在handle_private_message中添加权限验证：

@bot.message_handler(func=lambda message: message.chat.type == 'private')
def handle_private_message(message):
    if message.from_user.id != ALLOWED_USER_ID:
        bot.send_message(message.chat.id, "你没有权限使用此功能。")
        return
    chat_ids = get_existing_chat_ids()
    for group_id in chat_ids:
        forward_message(group_id, message)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者S1ngle