如何格式化Linux中uniq -c命令输出的数据？

问题背景 #

现有temp_data.txt文件内容：

"John","001-01-0001","engineering"
"Smith","192-11-0292","human resources"
"Brian","192-11-0292","operations"
"Lucius","992-11-0292","human resources"
"Smith","192-11-0292","human resources"

执行sort temp_data.txt | uniq -c > temp_data_count.txt后，得到的temp_data_count.txt内容为：

1 "John","001-01-0001","engineering" 
2 "Smith","192-11-0292","human resources" 
1 "Brian","192-11-0292","operations" 
1 "Lucius","992-11-0292","human resources"

需要将其转换为计数加引号并前置的格式：

"1","John","001-01-0001","engineering" 
"2","Smith","192-11-0292","human resources" 
"1","Brian","192-11-0292","operations" 
"1","Lucius","992-11-0292","human resources"

此前尝试awk '{print "\x22" $2 "\x22",$1}'出现数据截断，原因是awk默认以空格为字段分隔符，"human resources"中的空格会把该行拆分为多个字段，导致输出内容不完整。

正确解决方法 #

方法1：处理已有temp_data_count.txt文件 #

使用awk修改字段分隔符，并清除计数中的空格：

awk -F'"' '{gsub(/ /,"",$1); print "\""$1"\","$2","$3","$4}' temp_data_count.txt

• -F'"'把双引号设为字段分隔符，确保含空格的字段不会被拆分；
• gsub(/ /,"",$1)清除计数字段中的多余空格；
• 最后拼接成目标格式输出。

方法2：另一种字段处理思路 #

提取计数后，拼接剩余内容：

awk '{count=$1; $1=""; gsub(/^ /,"",$0); print "\""count"\","$0}' temp_data_count.txt

• 先把第一个字段（计数）存入变量count；
• 清空$1后，用gsub(/^ /,"",$0)去掉行首的空格；
• 把带引号的计数和处理后的行内容拼接输出。

方法3：一步完成去重计数与格式转换 #

无需生成中间文件temp_data_count.txt，直接用awk完成统计和格式输出：

sort temp_data.txt | awk '{count[$0]++} END{for (line in count) print "\""count[line]"\","line}'

• sort先对原文件内容排序；
• awk用数组count统计每行出现的次数；
• 最后遍历数组，输出带引号的计数和对应行内容。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Adi Sharma