迁移Android应用至最新Google Play Services Location时遇LocationAvailability类找不到崩溃

将Android应用迁移至最新版Google Play Services Location组件时，出现如下崩溃：

Exception java.lang.RuntimeException:
  at android.app.ActivityThread.handleReceiver (ActivityThread.java:4458)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1700 (ActivityThread.java:261)
  at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage (ActivityThread.java:2165)
  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage (Handler.java:111)
  at android.os.Looper.loopOnce (Looper.java:238)
  at android.os.Looper.loop (Looper.java:355)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.main (ActivityThread.java:8080)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke
  at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run (RuntimeInit.java:548)
  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main (ZygoteInit.java:1026)
Caused by android.os.BadParcelableException: ClassNotFoundException when unmarshalling: com.google.android.gms.location.LocationAvailability
  at android.os.Parcel.readParcelableCreator (Parcel.java:3417)
  at android.os.Parcel.readParcelable (Parcel.java:3325)
  at android.os.Parcel.readValue (Parcel.java:3227)
  at android.os.Parcel.readArrayMapInternal (Parcel.java:3624)
  at android.os.BaseBundle.initializeFromParcelLocked (BaseBundle.java:292)
  at android.os.BaseBundle.unparcel (BaseBundle.java:236)
  at android.os.BaseBundle.containsKey (BaseBundle.java:516)
  at android.content.Intent.hasExtra (Intent.java:8326)
  at com.google.android.gms.location.LocationResult.hasResult (com.google.android.gms:play-services-location@@21.0.1:1)
  at com.xxx.yyy.receivers.LocationReceiver.onReceive (LocationReceiver.java:27)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.handleReceiver (ActivityThread.java:4449)
Caused by java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.google.android.gms.location.LocationAvailability
  at java.lang.Class.classForName
  at java.lang.Class.forName (Class.java:454)
  at android.os.Parcel.readParcelableCreator (Parcel.java:3391)

使用的开发环境为Android Studio 2022.1.1 Patch 2，依赖配置如下：

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:18.1.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:21.0.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-awareness:19.0.1'
}

这不是Google Play Services的Bug，问题根源在于类加载器不匹配：系统广播传递Parcelable对象时使用系统类加载器，但com.google.android.gms.location.LocationAvailability仅存在于应用自身的类加载器中，导致系统无法找到该类。

解决方法 #

• 避免直接在广播接收器的onReceive中调用LocationResult.hasResult(intent)，该方法内部会尝试解析Intent中的Parcelable对象，触发类加载异常。
• 改为手动判断Intent Action，再调用LocationResult.extractResult(intent)并捕获异常：

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    if ("com.google.android.gms.location.LOCATION_UPDATES".equals(intent.getAction())) {
        try {
            LocationResult result = LocationResult.extractResult(intent);
            // 处理位置更新逻辑
        } catch (BadParcelableException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // 捕获解析异常，避免崩溃
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

• 优先使用动态注册广播接收器，静态注册的接收器由系统进程初始化，更易出现类加载器不匹配问题。
• 临时方案可降级play-services-location至20.x.x版本，但建议优先修复代码逻辑，避免依赖旧版本。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者greywolf82