部署至捆绑JavaFX的JVM时，如何配置JavaFX项目的Maven POM？

一、依赖配置：让OpenJFX仅在开发阶段可用 #

将OpenJFX相关依赖的<scope>设为provided，Maven会在编译、测试阶段加载这些依赖，但不会把它们打包进最终JAR。因为目标环境的JVM已经自带OpenJFX，运行时会直接从系统JVM中获取这些类库。

修改后的依赖片段：

<dependencies>
    <!-- OpenJFX依赖设为provided，仅开发阶段使用 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
        <version>20.0.2</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
        <version>20.0.2</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- ControlsFX若目标环境未预装，保留默认compile范围，会被打包进JAR -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.controlsfx</groupId>
        <artifactId>controlsfx</artifactId>
        <version>11.1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- JUnit测试依赖保持不变 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <version>5.10.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

二、javafx-maven-plugin配置：仅生成普通JAR #

原配置中的jlinkZipName、jlinkImageName等参数用于生成捆绑JVM的镜像包，需要移除这些参数，只保留运行应用所需的基础配置。同时添加maven-jar-plugin，配置生成包含主类信息的普通可执行JAR（若不需要可执行JAR，可仅保留基础打包配置）。

修改后的插件配置片段：

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.11.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>20</source>
                <target>20</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <!-- 配置maven-jar-plugin生成普通可执行JAR -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <archive>
                    <manifest>
                        <mainClass>work.basil.voters.voters_wa.HelloApplication</mainClass>
                    </manifest>
                </archive>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <!-- javafx-maven-plugin仅保留运行应用的配置，移除jlink相关参数 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.8</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>default-cli</id>
                    <configuration>
                        <mainClass>work.basil.voters.voters_wa/work.basil.voters.voters_wa.HelloApplication</mainClass>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

完整修改后的POM文件 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>work.basil.voters</groupId>
    <artifactId>voters_wa</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Voters WA</name>
    <description>Parses Washington State voter registration data, then providing access via queries and reporting. For political purposes only. Commercial use of that data is prohibited by law.</description>
    <inceptionYear>2023</inceptionYear>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.plugin.validation>VERBOSE</maven.plugin.validation>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
            <version>20.0.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
            <version>20.0.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.controlsfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>controlsfx</artifactId>
            <version>11.1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>5.10.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.11.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>20</source>
                    <target>20</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>work.basil.voters.voters_wa.HelloApplication</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.8</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-cli</id>
                        <configuration>
                            <mainClass>work.basil.voters.voters_wa/work.basil.voters.voters_wa.HelloApplication</mainClass>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Basil Bourque