Docker中使用Selenium启动Chrome报错org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException

尝试在Docker环境下通过Selenium操控Chrome访问https://www.google.com/获取标题，执行时始终抛出会话创建失败异常，核心问题为连接超时。

抛出的异常 #

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure. 

相关代码 #

测试代码 #

package remoteTesting.DockerValidation;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;

public class ChromeStandAloneTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        
        URL url = new URL("http://172.17.0.2:4444/wd/hub");
        DesiredCapabilities cap     =new DesiredCapabilities();
        cap.setCapability("browserName","chrome");
        WebDriver remoteWebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(url,cap);
        remoteWebDriver.get("https://www.google.com/");
        System.out.print(remoteWebDriver.getTitle());
    }
}

Selenium Maven依赖 #

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
    <version>4.10.0</version>
</dependency>

Docker相关信息 #

Docker命令 #

• 拉取镜像：docker pull selenium/standalone-chrome:latest
• 启动容器：docker run -d -p 4444:4444 --shm-size="2g" selenium/standalone-chrome:latest

Docker容器日志 #

[node]
session-timeout = "300"
override-max-sessions = false
detect-drivers = false
drain-after-session-count = 0
max-sessions = 1

[[node.driver-configuration]]
display-name = "chrome"
stereotype = '{"browserName": "chrome", "browserVersion": "114.0", "platformName": "Linux"}'
max-sessions = 1

Starting Selenium Grid Standalone...
Tracing is disabled
14:28:51.150 INFO [LoggingOptions.configureLogEncoding] - Using the system default encoding
14:28:51.212 INFO [OpenTelemetryTracer.createTracer] - Using OpenTelemetry for tracing
14:28:58.003 INFO [NodeOptions.getSessionFactories] - Detected 4 available processors
14:28:58.489 INFO [NodeOptions.report] - Adding chrome for {"browserName": "chrome","browserVersion": "114.0","platformName": "linux","se:noVncPort": 7900,"se:vncEnabled": true} 1 times (Host)
14:28:58.631 INFO [Node.<init>] - Binding additional locator mechanisms: relative
14:28:58.805 INFO [GridModel.setAvailability] - Switching Node 2b995240-198b-47f2-99c3-301922c9a38b (uri: http://172.17.0.2:4444) from DOWN to UP
14:28:58.808 INFO [LocalDistributor.add] - Added node 2b995240-198b-47f2-99c3-301922c9a38b at http://172.17.0.2:4444. Health check every 120s
14:28:59.873 INFO [Standalone.execute] - Started Selenium Standalone 4.10.0 (revision c14d967899): http://172.17.0.2:4444

完整错误堆栈 #

Jul 29, 2023 8:18:25 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.opentelemetry.OpenTelemetryTracer createTracer
INFO: Using OpenTelemetry for tracing
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure. 
Host info: host: 'Pankajs-MacBook-Air.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:838:973c:93b8:49da%en0'
Build info: version: '4.10.0', revision: 'c14d967899'
System info: os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '13.4.1', java.version: '18.0.1.1'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver
Command: [null, newSession {capabilities=[Capabilities {browserName: chrome}]}]
Capabilities {browserName: chrome}
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:549)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:227)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:154)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:134)
    at remoteTesting.DockerValidation.ChromeStandAloneTest.main(ChromeStandAloneTest.java:16)
Caused by: java.io.UncheckedIOException: java.net.ConnectException: connection timed out: /172.17.0.2:4444
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyHttpHandler.makeCall(NettyHttpHandler.java:73)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AddSeleniumUserAgent.lambda$apply$0(AddSeleniumUserAgent.java:42)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter.lambda$andFinally$1(Filter.java:55)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyHttpHandler.execute(NettyHttpHandler.java:48)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AddSeleniumUserAgent.lambda$apply$0(AddSeleniumUserAgent.java:42)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter.lambda$andFinally$1(Filter.java:55)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyClient.execute(NettyClient.java:97)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.TracedHttpClient.execute(TracedHttpClient.java:54)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:115)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:96)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:68)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:163)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.TracedCommandExecutor.execute(TracedCommandExecutor.java:51)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:531)
    ... 4 more
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: connection timed out: /172.17.0.2:4444
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.channel.NettyConnectListener.onFailure(NettyConnectListener.java:179)
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.channel.NettyChannelConnector$1.onFailure(NettyChannelConnector.java:108)
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.SimpleChannelFutureListener.operationComplete(SimpleChannelFutureListener.java:28)
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.SimpleChannelFutureListener.operationComplete(SimpleChannelFutureListener.java:20)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.notifyListener0(DefaultPromise.java:590)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.notifyListeners0(DefaultPromise.java:583)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.notifyListenersNow(DefaultPromise.java:559)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.notifyListeners(DefaultPromise.java:492)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.setValue0(DefaultPromise.java:636)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.setFailure0(DefaultPromise.java:629)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.tryFailure(DefaultPromise.java:118)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioChannel$AbstractNioUnsafe$1.run(AbstractNioChannel.java:262)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask.runTask(PromiseTask.java:98)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledFutureTask.java:153)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.AbstractEventExecutor.runTask(AbstractEventExecutor.java:174)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.AbstractEventExecutor.safeExecute(AbstractEventExecutor.java:167)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor.runAllTasks(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:470)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:569)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:997)
    at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)
Caused by: io.netty.channel.ConnectTimeoutException: connection timed out: /172.17.0.2:4444
    at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioChannel$AbstractNioUnsafe$1.run(AbstractNioChannel.java:261)
    ... 10 more

已尝试的解决方法 #

• 重启Docker
• 核对Selenium版本（本地与容器均为4.10.0）

解决方案 #

1. 修正Grid连接地址 #

代码中使用了容器内部IP 172.17.0.2，本地主机无法直接访问该地址。应替换为本地主机IP或localhost（容器端口已映射到主机）：

URL url = new URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub");

Mac环境也可尝试使用host.docker.internal替代localhost。

2. 验证Grid服务可用性 #

在本地浏览器打开 http://localhost:4444/ui，若能看到Selenium Grid控制台，说明服务正常；若无法访问：

• 查看容器状态：docker ps
• 重启容器：docker restart <容器ID>

3. 使用指定版本镜像（可选） #

避免latest标签的不确定性，拉取与本地Selenium版本一致的镜像：

docker pull selenium/standalone-chrome:4.10.0
docker run -d -p 4444:4444 --shm-size="2g" selenium/standalone-chrome:4.10.0

4. 检查防火墙设置 #

Mac系统防火墙可能阻止本地到容器的连接，临时关闭防火墙测试是否恢复正常。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者pankaj yadav