Windows下Anaconda Prompt安装FAC执行setup.py build遇TypeError求助

问题场景 #

在Windows系统的Anaconda Prompt中安装Python版Flexible Atomic Code，执行setup.py build构建安装文件时，触发以下错误：

running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\const.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\config.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\table.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\atom.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\spm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\rfac.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\version.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\consts.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
copying python\aa.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pfac
running build_ext
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\py_multislice\fac-master\fac-master\setup.py", line 198, in <module>
    setup(name="PFAC",
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 185, in setup
    return run_commands(dist)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 201, in run_commands
    dist.run_commands()
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 968, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 1217, in run_command
    super().run_command(command)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 987, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build.py", line 132, in run
    self.run_command(cmd_name)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 319, in run_command
    self.distribution.run_command(command)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 1217, in run_command
    super().run_command(command)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 987, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\build_ext.py", line 84, in run
    _build_ext.run(self)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 316, in run
    customize_compiler(self.compiler)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\sysconfig.py", line 320, in customize_compiler
    cpp = cc + " -E"  # not always
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'NoneType' and 'str'

问题原因 #

这个错误的核心原因是系统找不到可用的C/C++编译器：

1. Python扩展编译依赖C/C++编译器，但Windows默认没有预装符合要求的编译工具链；
2. 当前使用的是微软商店版Python，这类版本在编译第三方扩展时存在兼容性限制，无法正确识别系统中的编译器，导致cc（C编译器路径变量）为None，执行字符串拼接操作时触发类型错误。

解决方法 #

方法一：使用Anaconda环境并安装官方编译工具 #

• 激活你的Anaconda目标环境，确保后续操作都在该环境中执行：

  conda activate your_env_name
  

• 下载并安装Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools，安装时必须勾选「Desktop development with C++」组件，同时确保选中MSVC编译器、Windows SDK等核心模块；
• 安装完成后重启Anaconda Prompt，重新执行：

  python setup.py build
  python setup.py install
  

方法二：使用MinGW-w64编译器 #

• 下载MinGW-w64安装包，选择x86_64架构、posix线程模型、seh异常处理模式完成安装；
• 将MinGW的bin目录（例如C:\mingw64\bin）添加到系统PATH环境变量最顶部；
• 在Anaconda Prompt中设置环境变量指定编译器：

  set CC=gcc
  set CXX=g++
  

• 重新执行构建和安装命令：

  python setup.py build
  python setup.py install
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Cheng Z