如何让Python子类方法自动调用父类方法实现？

问题背景 #

现有代码如下：

class Base:
    def method(self):
        print("Base method called")

class Derived(Base):
    def method(self):
        print("Derived method called")

需求是：让子类的method方法自动且强制在执行自身逻辑前调用父类的method实现，执行Derived().method()时期望输出：

Base method called
Derived method called

同时要避免在子类方法内部显式编写super().method()这类调用。

此前尝试过__init_subclass__的实现方式，但存在Pylance报错、逻辑不够直观的问题：

class Base:
    def __init_sublcass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):  # 原代码存在拼写错误：init_sublcass → init_subclass
        def wrapper(self):
            super().method()
            self.method()
        cls.method = wrapper
    
    def method(self):
        print("Base method called")

方案一：装饰器封装父类调用逻辑 #

在父类定义专用装饰器，子类方法通过装饰器标记，即可自动前置调用父类方法，逻辑清晰且兼容IDE检查：

class Base:
    @classmethod
    def enforce_parent_call(cls, func):
        def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
            # 调用父类的method实现
            super(type(self), self).method(*args, **kwargs)
            # 执行子类自身方法逻辑
            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper

    def method(self):
        print("Base method called")

class Derived(Base):
    @Base.enforce_parent_call
    def method(self):
        print("Derived method called")

方案二：元类实现强制统一调用 #

如果需要强制所有子类自动调用父类方法（无需子类手动加装饰器），可以用元类实现全局规则：

class EnforceParentCallMeta(type):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
        # 仅当子类重写了method时才包装
        if 'method' in attrs:
            original_method = attrs['method']
            def wrapped_method(self, *args, **kwargs):
                # 遍历父类找到method并调用
                for base in bases:
                    if hasattr(base, 'method'):
                        base.method(self, *args, **kwargs)
                        break
                return original_method(self, *args, **kwargs)
            attrs['method'] = wrapped_method
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)

class Base(metaclass=EnforceParentCallMeta):
    def method(self):
        print("Base method called")

class Derived(Base):
    def method(self):
        print("Derived method called")

方案三：改进__init_subclass__实现 #

修正原方案的拼写错误，优化逻辑并补充方法元信息，解决Pylance报错问题：

class Base:
    def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
        # 仅在子类重写method时执行包装
        if cls.method is not Base.method:
            original_method = cls.method
            def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
                super(cls, self).method(*args, **kwargs)
                return original_method(self, *args, **kwargs)
            # 复制原方法的元信息，避免IDE报错
            wrapper.__name__ = original_method.__name__
            wrapper.__doc__ = original_method.__doc__
            cls.method = wrapper

    def method(self):
        print("Base method called")

class Derived(Base):
    def method(self):
        print("Derived method called")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tommy