Gradle执行报错：Unrecognized option: -xmx64m问题求助

DevOps 小满

2026-7-14

问题：JVM参数大小写错误导致Gradle无法启动

在Android Studio终端执行./gradlew clean，或VS Code中执行npx react-native run-android时，触发以下错误：

Unrecognized option: -xmx64m
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.

通过echo输出gradlew.bat配置，显示JVM参数为"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"（大写X），但错误信息中却是小写的-xmx64m。直接在cmd测试java -xmx64m会触发相同错误，java -Xmx64m则能正常运行。

环境信息：

使用JDK11，已配置ANDROID_HOME、platform-tools和JAVA_HOME环境变量
系统中无其他Java版本

附上gradlew.bat和gradlew脚本内容：

gradlew.bat 内容

@rem
@rem Copyright 2015 the original author or authors.
@rem
@rem Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@rem you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@rem You may obtain a copy of the License at
@rem
@rem      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
@rem
@rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
@rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
@rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
@rem limitations under the License.
@rem

@if "%DEBUG%"=="" @echo off
@rem ##########################################################################
@rem
@rem  Gradle startup script for Windows
@rem
@rem ##########################################################################

@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal

set DIRNAME=%~dp0
if "%DIRNAME%"=="" set DIRNAME=.
set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%

@rem Resolve any "." and ".." in APP_HOME to make it shorter.
for %%i in ("%APP_HOME%") do set APP_HOME=%%~fi

@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 "-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"

@rem Find java.exe
if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome

set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto execute

echo.
echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
echo.
echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
echo location of your Java installation.

goto fail

:findJavaFromJavaHome
set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=%
set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe

if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute

echo.
echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME%
echo.
echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
echo location of your Java installation.

goto fail

:execute
@rem Setup the command line

set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar

echo ---------------------------------  
echo %JAVA_EXE% 
echo %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% 
echo %JAVA_OPTS%    
echo %GRADLE_OPTS%  
echo %APP_BASE_NAME%    
echo %CLASSPATH%    
echo ---------------------------------

@rem Execute Gradle
"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %*

:end
@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto mainEnd

:fail
rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
set EXIT_CODE=%ERRORLEVEL%
if %EXIT_CODE% equ 0 set EXIT_CODE=1
if not ""=="%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit %EXIT_CODE%
exit /b %EXIT_CODE%

:mainEnd
if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal

:omega

gradlew 内容

#!/bin/sh

#
# Copyright © 2015-2021 the original authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#

##############################################################################
#
#   Gradle start up script for POSIX generated by Gradle.
#
#   Important for running:
#
#   (1) You need a POSIX-compliant shell to run this script. If your /bin/sh is
#       noncompliant, but you have some other compliant shell such as ksh or
#       bash, then to run this script, type that shell name before the whole
#       command line, like:
#
#           ksh Gradle
#
#       Busybox and similar reduced shells will NOT work, because this script
#       requires all of these POSIX shell features:
#         * functions;
#         * expansions «$var», «${var}», «${var:-default}», «${var+SET}»,
#           «${var#prefix}», «${var%suffix}», and «$( cmd )»;
#         * compound commands having a testable exit status, especially «case»;
#         * various built-in commands including «command», «set», and «ulimit».
#
#   Important for patching:
#
#   (2) This script targets any POSIX shell, so it avoids extensions provided
#       by Bash, Ksh, etc; in particular arrays are avoided.
#
#       The "traditional" practice of packing multiple parameters into a
#       space-separated string is a well documented source of bugs and security
#       problems, so this is (mostly) avoided, by progressively accumulating
#       options in "$@", and eventually passing that to Java.
#
#       Where the inherited environment variables (DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS,
#       and GRADLE_OPTS) rely on word-splitting, this is performed explicitly;
#       see the in-line comments for details.
#
#       There are tweaks for specific operating systems such as AIX, CygWin,
#       Darwin, MinGW, and NonStop.
#
#   (3) This script is generated from the Groovy template
#       https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/master/subprojects/plugins/src/main/resources/org/gradle/api/internal/plugins/unixStartScript.txt
#       within the Gradle project.
#
#       You can find Gradle at https://github.com/gradle/gradle/.
#
##############################################################################

# Attempt to set APP_HOME

# Resolve links: $0 may be a link
app_path=$0

# Need this for daisy-chained symlinks.
while
    APP_HOME=${app_path%"${app_path##*/}"}  # leaves a trailing /; empty if no leading path
    [ -h "$app_path" ]
do
    ls=$( ls -ld "$app_path" )
    link=${ls#*' -> '}
    case $link in             #(
      /*)   app_path=$link ;; #(
      *)    app_path=$APP_HOME$link ;;
    esac
done

APP_HOME=$( cd "${APP_HOME:-./}" && pwd -P ) || exit

APP_NAME="Gradle"
APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/}

# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 "-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'

# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
MAX_FD=maximum

warn () {
    echo "$*"
} >&2

die () {
    echo
    echo "$*"
    echo
    exit 1
} >&2

# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
cygwin=false
msys=false
darwin=false
nonstop=false
case "$( uname )" in                #(
  CYGWIN* )         cygwin=true  ;; #(
  Darwin* )         darwin=true  ;; #(
  MSYS* | MINGW* )  msys=true    ;; #(
  NONSTOP* )        nonstop=true ;;
esac

CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar


# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
        # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java
    else
        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/bin/java
    fi
    if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME

Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation."
    fi
else
    JAVACMD=java
    which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.

Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation."
fi

# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
if ! "$cygwin" && ! "$darwin" && ! "$nonstop" ; then
    case $MAX_FD in #(
      max*)
        MAX_FD=$( ulimit -H -n ) ||
            warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit"
    esac
    case $MAX_FD in  #(
      '' | soft) :;; #(
      *)
        ulimit -n "$MAX_FD" ||
            warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit to $MAX_FD"
    esac
fi

# Collect all arguments for the java command, stacking in reverse order:
#   * args from the command line
#   * the main class name
#   * -classpath
#   * -D...appname settings
#   * --module-path (only if needed)
#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and GRADLE_OPTS environment variables.

# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java
if "$cygwin" || "$msys" ; then
    APP_HOME=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME" )
    CLASSPATH=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH" )

    JAVACMD=$( cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD" )

    # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
    for arg do
        if
            case $arg in                                #(
              -*)   false ;;                            # don't mess with options #(
              /?*)  t=${arg#/} t=/${t%%/*}              # looks like a POSIX filepath
                    [ -e "$t" ] ;;                      #(
              *)    false ;;            
            esac
        then
            arg=$( cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg" )
        fi
        # Roll the args list around exactly as many times as the number of
        # args, so each arg winds up back in the position where it started, but
        # possibly modified.
        #
        # NB: a `for` loop captures its iteration list before it begins, so
        # changing the positional parameters here affects neither the number of
        # iterations, nor the values presented in `arg`.
        shift                   # remove old arg
        set -- "$@" "$arg"      # push replacement arg
    done
fi

# Collect all arguments for the java command;
#   * $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, $JAVA_OPTS, and $GRADLE_OPTS can contain fragments of
#     shell script including quotes and variable substitutions, so put them in
#     double quotes to make sure that they get re-expanded; and
#   * put everything else in single quotes, so that it's not re-expanded.

set -- \
        "-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME" \
        -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
        org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain \
        "$@"

# Stop when "xargs" is not available.
if ! command -v xargs >/dev/null 2>&1
then
    die "xargs is not available"
fi

# Use "xargs" to parse quoted args.
#
# With -n1 it outputs one arg per line, with the quotes and backslashes removed.
#
# In Bash we could simply go:
#
#   readarray ARGS < <( xargs -n1 <<<"$var" ) &&
#   set -- "${ARGS[@]}" "$@"
#
# but POSIX shell has neither arrays nor command substitution, so instead we
# post-process each arg (as a line of input to sed) to backslash-escape any
# character that might be a shell metacharacter, then use eval to reverse
# that process (while maintaining the separation between arguments), and wrap
# the whole thing up as a single "set" statement.
#
# This will of course break if any of these variables contains a newline or
# an unmatched quote.
#

eval "set -- $( 
        printf '%s\n' "$DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS" |
        xargs -n1 |
        sed ' s~[^-[:alnum:]+,./:=@_]~\\&~g; ' |
        tr '\n' ' '
    )" '"$@"'

exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"

分析与解决方案

问题根源

实际传递给Java的参数是小写-xmx64m，但脚本配置为大写-Xmx64m，说明参数在传递过程中被转换为小写，可能的触发点：

环境变量覆盖：系统中JAVA_OPTS或GRADLE_OPTS环境变量包含小写-xmx64m，Gradle启动时优先读取这些配置。
终端/Shell特殊处理：自定义终端或Shell（如Git Bash、WSL）可能存在自动转换参数大小写的逻辑。
Gradle配置文件覆盖：项目根目录gradle.properties中org.gradle.jvmargs配置项使用了小写-xmx。

排查步骤

检查环境变量：
在cmd执行echo %JAVA_OPTS%和echo %GRADLE_OPTS%，查看是否包含小写-xmx参数，若有则删除或修改为大写-Xmx。
检查项目Gradle配置：
打开项目根目录gradle.properties，确认org.gradle.jvmargs参数为大写-Xmx和-Xms。
直接调用Java测试：
在项目目录执行"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java" -Xmx64m -Xms64m -classpath gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain clean，若能正常运行，说明问题出在Gradle启动脚本的参数传递环节。
替换Gradle启动脚本：
下载对应版本的官方Gradle启动脚本（gradlew、gradlew.bat），替换项目中现有脚本，避免脚本被意外修改。

临时修复方案

紧急情况下可直接修改启动脚本参数：

gradlew.bat中，将set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 "-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"改为set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Xmx64m -Xms64m（去掉引号）。
gradlew中，将DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 "-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'改为DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Xmx64m -Xms64m'（去掉引号）。
修改后重新执行命令即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者SuJi Gyeon

Gradle执行报错：Unrecognized option: -xmx64m问题求助

gradlew.bat 内容 #

gradlew 内容 #

问题根源 #

排查步骤 #

临时修复方案 #

gradlew.bat 内容

gradlew 内容

问题根源

排查步骤

临时修复方案