安装libBigWig时遇ld无法找到-lz错误的求助

问题背景 #

我正在安装WiggleTools的依赖库libBigWig，该库依赖zlib、bzip2和libcurl，我已完成这些依赖的安装。执行以下命令安装libBigWig：

git clone https://github.com/dpryan79/libBigWig.git
cd libBigWig
make install

错误信息 #

执行后出现链接器错误：

/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -c -o io.o io.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -c -o bwValues.o bwValues.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -c -o bwRead.o bwRead.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -c -o bwStats.o bwStats.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -c -o bwWrite.o bwWrite.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-ar -rcs libBigWig.a io.o bwValues.o bwRead.o bwStats.o bwWrite.o
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-ranlib libBigWig.a
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -fpic -c -o io.pico io.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -fpic -c -o bwValues.pico bwValues.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -fpic -c -o bwRead.pico bwRead.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -fpic -c -o bwStats.pico bwStats.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -I. -march=nocona -mtune=haswell -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fstack-protector-strong -fno-plt -O2 -ffunction-sections -pipe -isystem /home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/include -DNOCURL  -fpic -c -o bwWrite.pico bwWrite.c
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -shared  -o libBigWig.so io.pico bwValues.pico bwRead.pico bwStats.pico bwWrite.pico  -lm -lz
/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu/7.5.0/../../../../x86_64-conda-linux-gnu/bin/ld: cannot find -lz
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:60: libBigWig.so] Error 1

已尝试的解决方法 #

我尝试过以下apt安装命令，但问题未解决：

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install libz-dev
sudo apt-get install lib32z1-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib*

同时尝试用conda安装WiggleTools，但因包冲突失败。

系统信息 #

服务器系统版本：

Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-197-generic x86_64)

解决方案 #

原因分析 #

当前使用的是conda环境下的编译器，它优先查找conda环境内的库，而通过apt安装的zlib在系统路径中，conda环境无法识别到。

解决步骤 #

1. 在conda环境中安装zlib
   激活py37环境，执行：

   conda activate py37
   conda install zlib
   

2. 重新编译安装libBigWig
   先清理之前的编译文件，再重新编译：

   cd libBigWig
   make clean
   make install
   

备选方案（如果conda安装zlib仍无效） #

手动指定zlib的路径给make：

1. 找到conda环境中zlib的安装路径，执行：

   conda activate py37
   echo $CONDA_PREFIX
   

   输出类似/home/dp456/miniconda3/envs/py37
2. 编译时指定zlib的库路径和头文件路径：

   cd libBigWig
   make clean
   make ZLIB_LIB=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib ZLIB_INC=$CONDA_PREFIX/include install
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pramio-D