Spring Boot应用无法连接ElasticSearch：连接被拒绝错误排查

问题场景 #

使用Spring Boot 3.0.6与ElasticSearch 8.8.1开发在线商城应用时，运行持续出现ElasticSearch连接拒绝错误，核心报错栈如下：

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'elasticProductController' defined in URL [jar:file:/OnlineStore-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar!/BOOT-INF/classes!/kazantseva/project/OnlineStore/controller/rest/ElasticProductController.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0: Error creating bean with name 'elasticProductServiceImpl' defined in URL [jar:file:/OnlineStore-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar!/BOOT-INF/classes!/kazantseva/project/OnlineStore/service/impl/ElasticProductServiceImpl.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0: Error creating bean with name 'elasticProductRepository' defined in kazantseva.project.OnlineStore.repository.elasticSearch.ElasticProductRepository defined in @EnableElasticsearchRepositories declared on OnlineStoreApplication: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.support.SimpleElasticsearchRepository]: Constructor threw exception

 | Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'elasticProductServiceImpl' defined in URL [jar:file:/OnlineStore-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar!/BOOT-INF/classes!/kazantseva/project/OnlineStore/service/impl/ElasticProductServiceImpl.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0: Error creating bean with name 'elasticProductRepository' defined in kazantseva.project.OnlineStore.repository.elasticSearch.ElasticProductRepository defined in @EnableElasticsearchRepositories declared on OnlineStoreApplication: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.support.SimpleElasticsearchRepository]: Constructor threw exception

 | Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'elasticProductRepository' defined in kazantseva.project.OnlineStore.repository.elasticSearch.ElasticProductRepository defined in @EnableElasticsearchRepositories declared on OnlineStoreApplication: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.support.SimpleElasticsearchRepository]: Constructor threw exception

 | Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused

相关配置代码 #

ElasticProductRepository.java #

public interface ElasticProductRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<ElasticProduct, String> {
}

ElasticProductServiceImpl.java #

@Service
@AllArgsConstructor
public class ElasticProductServiceImpl implements ElasticProductService {

    private ElasticProductRepository elasticProductRepository;

    @Override
    public List<ElasticProduct> getAllProducts() {
        return (List<ElasticProduct>) elasticProductRepository.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public ElasticProduct insertProduct(ElasticProduct product) {
        return elasticProductRepository.save(product);
    }
}

ElasticSearchConfig.java #

@Configuration
@EnableElasticsearchRepositories
public class ElasticSearchConfig extends ElasticsearchConfiguration {

    @Override
    public @NotNull ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() {
        return ClientConfiguration.builder()
                .connectedTo("localhost:9200")
                .build();
    }
}

pom.xml依赖 #

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.properties配置 #

spring.data.elasticsearch.repositories.enabled=true
spring.elasticsearch.uris=https://localhost:9200

docker-compose.yml容器编排 #

version: '3.7'
services:
  elastic-service:
    image: elasticsearch:8.8.1
    container_name: elasticsearch
    environment:
      - xpack.security.enabled=false
      - discovery.type=single-node
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms2g -Xmx2g"
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
      - "9300:9300"
    restart: always
    networks:
      - "my-net"


  mysql-service:
    image: mysql:latest
    container_name: mysql-db
    env_file:
      - api.env
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    restart: always
    networks:
      - "my-net"


  mongo-service:
    image: mongo:latest
    container_name: mongo-db
    env_file:
      - api.env
    ports:
      - "27017:27017"
    restart: always
    networks:
      - "my-net"
  
  onlinestore:
    image: online-store
    container_name: online-store-app
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /var/www/images/customers:/tmp/images/customers
      - /var/www/images/products:/tmp/images/products
    depends_on:
      - mysql-service
      - mongo-service
      - elastic-service
    env_file:
      - api.env
      - prod.env
    user: "1000:1000"
    networks:
      - "my-net"

networks:
  my-net:
    driver: bridge

排查原因与解决方案 #

1. 容器间网络访问地址错误 #

Docker容器内的localhost指向容器自身，而非宿主机或其他容器。应用容器和ElasticSearch容器同属my-net网络，需使用ElasticSearch的服务名elastic-service作为连接地址，而非localhost。

修改点：

• 调整ElasticSearchConfig.java中的连接地址：

  @Override
  public @NotNull ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() {
      return ClientConfiguration.builder()
              .connectedTo("elastic-service:9200")
              .build();
  }
  

• 修正application.properties中的地址协议和主机：

  spring.elasticsearch.uris=http://elastic-service:9200
  

  （注：已关闭xpack.security，ElasticSearch默认使用HTTP协议，无需HTTPS）

2. 配置优先级冲突 #

同时存在Java配置类ElasticSearchConfig和application.properties的ElasticSearch配置，可能导致配置加载冲突。建议统一配置方式：

• 方案一：保留application.properties配置，删除自定义的ElasticSearchConfig类，Spring Boot会自动读取配置创建客户端。
• 方案二：在ElasticSearchConfig中读取配置文件参数，避免硬编码：

  @Configuration
  @EnableElasticsearchRepositories
  public class ElasticSearchConfig extends ElasticsearchConfiguration {
  
      @Value("${spring.elasticsearch.uris}")
      private String elasticsearchUris;
  
      @Override
      public @NotNull ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() {
          return ClientConfiguration.builder()
                  .connectedTo(elasticsearchUris.replace("http://", ""))
                  .build();
      }
  }
  

3. 服务启动顺序与就绪检查 #

depends_on仅保证容器启动顺序，不确保ElasticSearch服务完全就绪（ES启动需要约10-30秒），应用启动时ES可能未完成初始化导致连接失败。

修改点：

• 在docker-compose.yml的elastic-service中添加健康检查：

  elastic-service:
    image: elasticsearch:8.8.1
    container_name: elasticsearch
    environment:
      - xpack.security.enabled=false
      - discovery.type=single-node
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms2g -Xmx2g"
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
      - "9300:9300"
    restart: always
    networks:
      - "my-net"
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -f http://localhost:9200/_cluster/health || exit 1"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 5
  

• 修改onlinestore服务的depends_on，等待ES健康检查通过后再启动：

  onlinestore:
    # ... 其他配置
    depends_on:
      elastic-service:
        condition: service_healthy
      mysql-service:
        condition: service_started
      mongo-service:
        condition: service_started
  

4. 验证ElasticSearch服务状态 #

完成上述修改后，可进入应用容器测试连接：

docker exec -it online-store-app curl http://elastic-service:9200

若返回ElasticSearch的节点信息，说明网络连接正常。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sonnka