matplotlib报AttributeError无pyplot属性，升级及plt.clf无效如何解决？

问题描述 #

已升级并确认Matplotlib版本为3.5.7，但运行音频绘图代码时，依旧抛出AttributeError: module 'matplotlib' has no attribute 'pyplot'错误，同时绘图会重复显示两次；重新运行单元格还会再显示一次重复的图，尝试plt.clf()无法解决问题。

复现代码 #

import numpy as np
import librosa
import librosa.display
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import os
from os import listdir
from os.path import isfile, join

data_dir = 'LJSpeech-1.1/wavs'

data_files = [join(data_dir, f) for f in listdir(data_dir) if isfile(join(data_dir, f)) if 'wav' in f]
data_files.sort()

print('wave files : ', len(data_files))
print(data_files[0])


# return values
# wav : 오디오 신호 
# sr : sample rate, default=22050
wav, sr = librosa.core.load(data_files[1])
print('wav :', wav)

print('sample rate :', sr, 'length :', len(wav))

print('duration :', len(wav) / sr, 'seconds')

plt.figure(figsize=[18, 3])
plt.plot(wav)
plt.ylim([-1, 1])
plt.show()

# wav 들어보기
import IPython.display as ipd
ipd.Audio(wav, rate=sr) 

报错信息 #

AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[3], line 21
     19 plt.plot(wav)
     20 plt.ylim([-1, 1])
---> 21 plt.show()
     23 # wav 들어보기
     24 import IPython.display as ipd

File ~/miniconda3/envs/audio_practice/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py:446, in show(*args, **kwargs)
    402 """
    403 Display all open figures.
    404 
   (...)
    443 explicitly there.
    444 """
    445 _warn_if_gui_out_of_main_thread()
--> 446 return _get_backend_mod().show(*args, **kwargs)

File ~/miniconda3/envs/audio_practice/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib_inline/backend_inline.py:99, in show(close, block)
     96 # only call close('all') if any to close
     97 # close triggers gc.collect, which can be slow
     98 if close and Gcf.get_all_fig_managers():
---> 99     matplotlib.pyplot.close('all')
...
    225     return props[name].__get__(instance)
--> 226 raise AttributeError(
    227     f"module {cls.__module__!r} has no attribute {name!r}")

AttributeError: module 'matplotlib' has no attribute 'pyplot'
Output is truncated. View as a scrollable element or open in a text editor. Adjust cell output settings...

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~/miniconda3/envs/audio_practice/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib_inline/backend_inline.py:99, in show(close, block)
     96 # only call close('all') if any to close
     97 # close triggers gc.collect, which can be slow
     98 if close and Gcf.get_all_fig_managers():
---> 99     matplotlib.pyplot.close('all')

File ~/miniconda3/envs/audio_practice/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/_api/__init__.py:226, in caching_module_getattr..__getattr__(name)
    224 if name in props:
    225     return props[name].__get__(instance)
--> 226 raise AttributeError(
    227     f"module {cls.__module__!r} has no attribute {name!r}")

AttributeError: module 'matplotlib' has no attribute 'pyplot'

解决步骤 #

1. 排查模块命名冲突

   • 检查当前工作目录，确保没有matplotlib.py或pyplot.py这类与官方模块同名的文件，避免覆盖官方库。
   • 运行以下代码确认Matplotlib模块路径：

     import matplotlib
     print(matplotlib.__file__)
     

     输出应为虚拟环境或系统Python目录下的官方文件，而非当前目录下的自定义文件。

2. 修复后端调用异常

   • 报错出现在matplotlib_inline后端调用plt.close('all')时，可尝试显式指定后端，在代码开头添加：

     import matplotlib
     matplotlib.use('Agg')  # 也可尝试'TkAgg'等其他后端
     import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
     

   • 强制重新安装matplotlib-inline包：

     pip install --force-reinstall matplotlib-inline
     

3. 解决绘图重复问题

   • 在创建新图形前显式关闭所有已有图形：

     plt.close('all')
     plt.figure(figsize=[18, 3])
     plt.plot(wav)
     plt.ylim([-1, 1])
     plt.show()
     

   • 确保Jupyter中%matplotlib inline魔法命令只执行一次，不要在多个单元格重复运行。

4. 重置虚拟环境

   • 若以上方法无效，创建全新虚拟环境重新安装依赖：

     conda create -n new_audio_env python=3.8
     conda activate new_audio_env
     pip install matplotlib==3.5.7 librosa numpy ipython
     

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者SYJeong