Python3内核Jupyter Notebook安装TensorFlow-GPU报错求助

我在Python 3内核的Jupyter Notebook中搭建深度学习项目，尝试安装tensorflow、tensorflow-gpu及相关依赖库时出现报错，报错信息如下：

error: subprocess-exited-with-error

python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
exit code: 1

[44 lines of output]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_vendor\packaging\requirements.py", line 35, in __init__
    parsed = parse_requirement(requirement_string)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_vendor\packaging\_parser.py", line 64, in parse_requirement
    return _parse_requirement(Tokenizer(source, rules=DEFAULT_RULES))
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_vendor\packaging\_parser.py", line 82, in _parse_requirement
    url, specifier, marker = _parse_requirement_details(tokenizer)
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_vendor\packaging\_parser.py", line 126, in _parse_requirement_details
    marker = _parse_requirement_marker(
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_vendor\packaging\_parser.py", line 147, in _parse_requirement_marker
    tokenizer.raise_syntax_error(
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_vendor\packaging\_tokenizer.py", line 163, in raise_syntax_error
    raise ParserSyntaxError(
setuptools.extern.packaging._tokenizer.ParserSyntaxError: Expected end or semicolon (after name and no valid version specifier)
    python_version>"3.7"
              ^

上述异常引发后续异常：

Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
    File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
    File "C:\Users\Riona\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-bqv5w20a\tensorflow-gpu_12262bc756d34c5dbb8ca6a786902af3\setup.py", line 40, in <module>
      setuptools.setup()
    File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 106, in setup
      _install_setup_requires(attrs)
    File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 77, in _install_setup_requires
      dist.parse_config_files(ignore_option_errors=True)
    File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 910, in parse_config_files
      self._finalize_requires()
    File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 607, in _finalize_requires
      self._move_install_requirements_markers()
    File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 647, in _move_install_requirements_markers
      inst_reqs = list(_reqs.parse(spec_inst_reqs))
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_vendor\packaging\requirements.py", line 37, in __init__
      raise InvalidRequirement(str(e)) from e
setuptools.extern.packaging.requirements.InvalidRequirement: Expected end or semicolon (after name and no valid version specifier)
    python_version>"3.7"
                  ^
[end of output]

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

Encountered error while generating package metadata.

See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

需要安装的依赖库包括：numpy>=1.16.0、scipy>=1.2.1、matplotlib>=3.0.0、opencv-python>=4.1.0、pillow>=6.1.0、h5py>=2.9.0、keras>=2.2.5、tensorflow-gpu>=2.0.0、scikit-learn>=0.21.3

报错原因 #

旧版本setuptools无法正确解析依赖声明中的python_version>"3.7"语法，导致元数据生成失败。另外，TensorFlow从2.10版本开始已不再单独提供tensorflow-gpu包，统一使用tensorflow包（GPU支持需提前配置CUDA和cuDNN）。

解决步骤 #

1. 升级pip和setuptools
   打开Anaconda Prompt或终端，执行：

pip install --upgrade pip setuptools

2. 安装TensorFlow（含GPU支持）

• 若需自动配置CUDA依赖，执行：

pip install tensorflow[and-cuda]

• 若需指定兼容Python 3的旧版本（如2.9.x），执行：

pip install tensorflow==2.9.3

3. 安装其余依赖库
   执行以下命令一次性安装剩余依赖：

pip install numpy>=1.16.0 scipy>=1.2.1 matplotlib>=3.0.0 opencv-python>=4.1.0 pillow>=6.1.0 h5py>=2.9.0 keras>=2.2.5 scikit-learn>=0.21.3

4. （可选）创建隔离虚拟环境
   若仍有依赖冲突，创建新的conda虚拟环境：

conda create -n dl_project python=3.9
conda activate dl_project

在新环境中重复上述安装步骤即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Magic Math