Apache Camel在Eclipse外运行时无法创建Route并抛出异常

我用Apache Camel开发了一个Java应用，根据文件所在子文件夹名称归档已排序的文件。应用在Eclipse中运行正常，但在Eclipse外启动时无法创建Route，抛出如下错误：

2023-08-07 13:20:03,527 [main] ERROR MyClass  - Exception occured: org.apache.camel.FailedToCreateRouteException: Failed to create route route1 at: >>> Aggregate[LotName -> [SetHeader[CamelFileName, simple{${in.header.LotName}.zip}], Log[Finished Zipping: ${file:name}], DynamicTo[file:${in.header.CreatedPath}?fileName=${file:name.noext}-2023-08-07T13-20-03-328.${file:ext}&fileExist=Move&moveExisting=${file:name.noext}-1.${file:ext}]]] <<< in route: Route(route1)[From[EndpointA... because of Error parsing [1000] as a java.time.Duration.
org.apache.camel.FailedToCreateRouteException: Failed to create route route1 at: >>> Aggregate[LotName -> [SetHeader[CamelFileName, simple{${in.header.LotName}.zip}], Log[Finished Zipping: ${file:name}], DynamicTo[file:${in.header.CreatedPath}?fileName=${file:name.noext}-2023-08-07T13-20-03-328.${file:ext}&fileExist=Move&moveExisting=${file:name.noext}-1.${file:ext}]]] <<< in route: Route(route1)[From[EndpointA because of Error parsing [1000] as a java.time.Duration.
        at org.apache.camel.reifier.RouteReifier.doCreateRoute(RouteReifier.java:241)
        at org.apache.camel.reifier.RouteReifier.createRoute(RouteReifier.java:75)
        at org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultModelReifierFactory.createRoute(DefaultModelReifierFactory.java:49)
        at org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultCamelContext.startRouteDefinitions(DefaultCamelContext.java:874)
        at org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultCamelContext.startRouteDefinitions(DefaultCamelContext.java:764)
        at org.apache.camel.impl.engine.AbstractCamelContext.doInit(AbstractCamelContext.java:2862)
        at org.apache.camel.support.service.BaseService.init(BaseService.java:83)
        at org.apache.camel.impl.engine.AbstractCamelContext.init(AbstractCamelContext.java:2568)
        at org.apache.camel.support.service.BaseService.start(BaseService.java:111)
        at org.apache.camel.impl.engine.AbstractCamelContext.start(AbstractCamelContext.java:2587)
        at org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultCamelContext.start(DefaultCamelContext.java:253)
        at org.apache.camel.main.Main.doStart(Main.java:116)
        at org.apache.camel.support.service.BaseService.start(BaseService.java:119)
        at org.apache.camel.main.MainSupport.run(MainSupport.java:69)
        at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:80)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error parsing [1000] as a java.time.Duration.
        at org.apache.camel.support.CamelContextHelper.parse(CamelContextHelper.java:556)
        at org.apache.camel.support.CamelContextHelper.parseDuration(CamelContextHelper.java:500)
        at org.apache.camel.reifier.AbstractReifier.parseDuration(AbstractReifier.java:78)
        at org.apache.camel.reifier.AggregateReifier.createAggregator(AggregateReifier.java:203)
        at org.apache.camel.reifier.AggregateReifier.createProcessor(AggregateReifier.java:54)
        at org.apache.camel.reifier.ProcessorReifier.makeProcessor(ProcessorReifier.java:838)
        at org.apache.camel.reifier.ProcessorReifier.addRoutes(ProcessorReifier.java:579)
        at org.apache.camel.reifier.RouteReifier.doCreateRoute(RouteReifier.java:237)
        ... 14 more
Caused by: org.apache.camel.NoTypeConversionAvailableException: No type converter available to convert from type: java.lang.String to the required type: java.time.Duration with value 1000
        at org.apache.camel.impl.converter.CoreTypeConverterRegistry.mandatoryConvertTo(CoreTypeConverterRegistry.java:275)
        at org.apache.camel.impl.converter.CoreTypeConverterRegistry.mandatoryConvertTo(CoreTypeConverterRegistry.java:207)
        at org.apache.camel.support.CamelContextHelper.parse(CamelContextHelper.java:553)
        ... 21 more

不清楚这个值为1000的Duration对象来源、用途。我的Route代码如下：

public void configure() throws Exception {
        /* Takes files from origin folder, checks for valid file names and deletes files in their source folders */
        from(FILECOMPONENT + sourceFolder + "?recursive=true&include=RAW("+ lotFileRegex +")&delete=true")
        .log(LoggingLevel.INFO, "Starting to process file: ${file:name}")
        // Extract our criteria to aggregate
        .process(new SubfolderExtractor())
        // Aggregate Files based on Header "LotName"
        .log(LoggingLevel.INFO, "Currently aggregating: ${in.header.LotName}")
        .aggregate(header("LotName"), new ZipAggregationStrategy())
        .completionFromBatchConsumer().eagerCheckCompletion()
        .completionOnNewCorrelationGroup() // finish our archive when the subfolder is empty
        // Set Header FILE_NAME to LotName.zip
        .setHeader(Exchange.FILE_NAME, simple("${in.header.LotName}.zip"))
        .log(LoggingLevel.INFO, "Finished Zipping: ${file:name}")
        /* Drop Zip-Archives in same location as their origin, add the current date to make it unique */
        .toD(FILECOMPONENT + "${in.header.CreatedPath}?fileName=${file:name.noext}-"+LocalDateTime.now().toString().replace(':', '-').replace('.', '-')+".${file:ext}&fileExist=Move&moveExisting=${file:name.noext}-1.${file:ext}");
}

曾以为是Simple语言表达式问题，把.toD()里的表达式换成原生Java代码，但问题依旧。使用Java 8、Camel 3.14.7，通过Camel的Main类启动路由。

1. 问题根源 #

报错中的1000是Camel Aggregate组件的默认completionTimeout值（单位毫秒），但Java 8本身没有自动注册java.time.Duration的类型转换器。Eclipse运行时可能因IDE类加载机制自动引入了相关依赖，而外部运行时缺少对应的类型转换器模块。

Camel 3.x中，java.time相关的类型转换器属于camel-core-java8模块，若未显式引入该依赖，外部运行时就会缺失Duration的转换能力。

2. 修复步骤 #

• 添加依赖：确保构建文件（Maven/Gradle）中包含camel-core-java8依赖：
  Maven：

  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
      <artifactId>camel-core-java8</artifactId>
      <version>3.14.7</version>
  </dependency>
  

  Gradle：

  implementation 'org.apache.camel:camel-core-java8:3.14.7'
  

• 显式指定completionTimeout（可选）：若不想依赖额外模块，可在aggregate组件中显式设置completionTimeout为带单位的合法Duration格式（如1000ms），避免Camel使用默认数值型字符串触发转换：

  .aggregate(header("LotName"), new ZipAggregationStrategy())
  .completionTimeout("1000ms") // 显式指定带单位的Duration字符串
  .completionFromBatchConsumer().eagerCheckCompletion()
  .completionOnNewCorrelationGroup()
  

3. 为什么Eclipse中正常？ #

Eclipse的类路径可能自动包含了camel-core-java8依赖（比如通过Maven依赖管理自动引入），或IDE类加载机制隐式加载了相关转换器；而外部打包（如jar包）时若未包含该依赖，就会出现缺失。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Krubsacius