Ubuntu 22.04原生Docker CLI拉取镜像时层验证失败求助

我在Ubuntu 22.04系统上使用Docker CLI（非Docker Desktop）时，拉取镜像频繁出现层验证错误，示例如下：

mjozwikowski:~$ docker -D pull postgres:latest
latest: Pulling from library/postgres
648e0aadf75a: Downloading [==========================>                        ]  15.44MB/29.12MB
f715c8c55756: Download complete 
b11a1dc32c8c: Downloading  2.693MB
f29e8ba9d17c: Verifying Checksum 
78af88a8afb0: Waiting 
b74279c188d9: Waiting 
6e3e5bf64fd2: Waiting 
b62a2c2d2ce5: Waiting 
eba91ca3c7a3: Waiting 
d4a24cdf2433: Waiting 
b20f8a8dfd5c: Waiting 
e0731dd084c3: Waiting 
0361da6a228e: Waiting 
filesystem layer verification failed for digest sha256:f29e8ba9d17cfa147141648b72ff8ab49a86234dfe1194f6220690939f1daa3c

mjozwikowski:~$ docker -D pull postgres:latest
latest: Pulling from library/postgres
648e0aadf75a: Pull complete 
f715c8c55756: Pull complete 
b11a1dc32c8c: Pull complete 
f29e8ba9d17c: Pull complete 
78af88a8afb0: Pull complete 
b74279c188d9: Pull complete 
6e3e5bf64fd2: Pull complete 
b62a2c2d2ce5: Pull complete 
eba91ca3c7a3: Verifying Checksum 
d4a24cdf2433: Download complete 
b20f8a8dfd5c: Download complete 
e0731dd084c3: Download complete 
0361da6a228e: Download complete 
filesystem layer verification failed for digest sha256:eba91ca3c7a37844775569d1771c8acfab80b32d9c24f4a0b5b998d91911d747

多次测试后，错误会随机出现在不同镜像层（部分层出错概率更高），偶尔（约1/20的概率）能成功拉取。但像mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2019-CU18-ubuntu-20.04这类镜像，始终无法完成拉取。

已尝试的操作：

• 彻底卸载Docker及其配置文件，删除/var/lib/docker、/etc/docker/daemon.json和~/.docker/config.json后重新安装
• 未使用代理，网络连接稳定
• 系统为原生Ubuntu 22.04，非虚拟机
• 测试Docker Desktop时拉取镜像一切正常，排除镜像仓库和网络本身的问题

Docker服务启动日志无报错：

sie 05 14:02:03 systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
░░ Subject: A start job for unit docker.service has begun execution
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ A start job for unit docker.service has begun execution.
░░ 
░░ The job identifier is 3852.
sie 05 14:02:03 dockerd[8422]: time="2023-08-05T14:02:03.041443800+02:00" level=info msg="Starting up"
sie 05 14:02:03 dockerd[8422]: time="2023-08-05T14:02:03.042248549+02:00" level=info msg="detected 127.0.0.53 nameserver, assuming systemd-resolved, so using resolv.conf: /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf"
sie 05 14:02:03 dockerd[8422]: time="2023-08-05T14:02:03.055564872+02:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
sie 05 14:02:03 dockerd[8422]: time="2023-08-05T14:02:03.383176470+02:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 192.168.128.0/24. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a preferred IP address"
sie 05 14:02:03 dockerd[8422]: time="2023-08-05T14:02:03.461435658+02:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
sie 05 14:02:03 dockerd[8422]: time="2023-08-05T14:02:03.474691599+02:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=a61e2b4 graphdriver=overlay2 version=24.0.5
sie 05 14:02:03 dockerd[8422]: time="2023-08-05T14:02:03.474754307+02:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
sie 05 14:02:03 dockerd[8422]: time="2023-08-05T14:02:03.491109520+02:00" level=info msg="API listen on /run/docker.sock"
sie 05 14:02:03 systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
░░ Subject: A start job for unit docker.service has finished successfully
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
░░ 
░░ A start job for unit docker.service has finished successfully.
░░ 
░░ The job identifier is 3852.

恳请大家提供解决方案，已经尝试了各种办法仍无法解决。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Marcin Jóźwikowski