Maven项目依赖配置正确仍报JPMS模块找不到错误求助

问题现象 #

使用Maven构建Java模块时，执行mvn compile命令后所有依赖均提示“module not found”错误，但IntelliJ IDEA和VSCode在编译前未出现任何报错。删除module-info.java文件后项目可正常运行，可确定为JPMS相关问题。

环境信息 #

• Java版本：openjdk 20.0.2 2023-07-18
• IntelliJ IDEA 2023.1.4（社区版）
• Apache Maven 3.8.7

最小复现示例（以log4j为例，jakarta.xml.bind、Docx4J等依赖会出现相同问题） #

项目结构 #

myapp
|---pom.xml
|---src/main/java
      |---module-info.java
      |---com/andreagenovese/myapp
           |---Main.java

Main.java代码 #

package com.andreagenovese.myapp;

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LogManager.getLogger();
    }
}

pom.xml配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.andreagenovese</groupId>
    <artifactId>myapp</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>20</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>20</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.13.0</version>
        </dependency>
        
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.13.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

module-info.java代码 #

module com.andreagenovese.myapp {
    requires org.apache.logging.log4j;
    exports com.andreagenovese.myapp;
}

报错信息 #

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ myapp ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /home/geno/Documents/Programmi/Java/myapp/target/classes
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] COMPILATION ERROR : 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] /home/geno/Documents/Programmi/Java/myapp/src/main/java/module-info.java:[2,32] module not found: org.apache.logging.log4j
[INFO] 1 error
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.816 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2023-08-04T00:32:03+02:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) on project myapp: Compilation failure
[ERROR] /home/geno/Documents/Programmi/Java/myapp/src/main/java/module-info.java:[2,32] module not found: org.apache.logging.log4j
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException

解决方案 #

• 升级maven-compiler-plugin版本：你当前使用的3.1版本对JPMS支持不完善，需升级至3.8.0及以上版本（推荐最新稳定版）。在pom.xml中添加插件配置：

  <build>
      <plugins>
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>3.11.0</version>
              <configuration>
                  <source>20</source>
                  <target>20</target>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>
      </plugins>
  </build>
  

• 验证依赖模块名称正确性：部分依赖的模块名与artifactId不一致，需确保module-info.java中requires声明的模块名与依赖自身module-info.java定义的模块名完全匹配（log4j-api的模块名确实为org.apache.logging.log4j，此部分无需修改）。
• 确认Maven模块路径处理：升级插件后，Maven会自动将依赖JAR加入模块路径而非类路径，从而正确识别requires声明的模块。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者AndreaG