如何在R中绘制60分钟时钟式环形图展示时段对应操作

需求概述 #

• 基于60分钟时间轴绘制环形图，用彩色条对应各时段操作
• 将所有带Inactive前缀的操作合并为同一组，使用相同填充色
• 确保各操作与对应时间区间精准匹配

现有代码 #

attach(clock_data)
hsize <- 4

clock_data <- clock_data %>%
  mutate(x = hsize)

ggplot(clock_data, aes(x = hsize, y = Time, fill = Action)) +
  geom_col() + 
  coord_polar(theta = "y") +
  xlim(c(0.2, hsize + 0.5)) + theme_bw()

数据结构 #

structure(list(Time_Between = c("0-15", "15-30", "30-33", "33-34", 
"34-35", "35-36", "36-40", "40-55", "55-56", "56-60"), Time = c(15L, 
15L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 15L, 1L, 4L), Action = c("Inactive1", 
"Acoustic Sampling", "Inactive2", "SSH Tunnel", "Inactive3", 
"Switch Pi", "Data Copy", "Data Transmission", "Switch Mini", 
"Inactive4"), x = c(4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4)), row.names = c(NA, 
10L), class = "data.frame")

优化解决方案 #

步骤1：合并Inactive操作组 #

先对数据预处理，把所有Inactive开头的操作统一命名，实现分组：

library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)

# 合并所有Inactive类操作
clock_data <- clock_data %>%
  mutate(Action = ifelse(grepl("Inactive", Action), "Inactive", Action))

步骤2：调整环形图绘制逻辑 #

基于原框架优化，让图形更贴近时钟样式，同时确保时段匹配：

hsize <- 4

ggplot(clock_data, aes(x = hsize, y = Time, fill = Action)) +
  geom_col(color = "white") + # 白色边框区分不同时段
  coord_polar(theta = "y", start = 0) + # 从顶部0/60分钟开始，符合时钟习惯
  xlim(c(0, hsize + 0.5)) +
  # 添加时钟刻度标签
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = c(0,15,30,45), labels = c("0/60","15","30","45")) +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12),
    axis.title = element_blank(),
    axis.text.y = element_blank(),
    axis.ticks = element_blank(),
    panel.grid = element_blank() # 移除网格线，简化视觉效果
  ) +
  labs(fill = "操作类型") # 图例标题

效果说明 #

• 所有Inactive1/2/3/4统一显示为Inactive组，共用同一种填充色
• 每个条形长度严格匹配对应时段的分钟数，环形顺时针对应时间流逝
• 白色边框清晰划分不同操作的时间区间，刻度标签符合时钟阅读习惯

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jackson A Swan