Tomcat9部署Spring Boot时WEB-INF/lib存在JAR却报NoSuchFileException

问题现象 #

• 运行环境：Tomcat 9、Java 11
• 部署Spring Boot应用后，应用显示部署成功，但访问时返回404响应
• 查看Tomcat日志，提示找不到spring-messaging-5.3.29.jar，但该文件实际存在于WEB-INF/lib目录
• 重新部署后，又出现找不到spring-boot-starter-data-jpa-2.7.14.jar的情况，推测存在整体异常

异常日志 #

[Catalina-utility-1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop Exception sending context destroyed event to listener instance of class [ch.qos.logback.classic.$
        java.lang.IllegalStateException: java.io.IOException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
                at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.getArchiveEntry(AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.java:101)
                at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractArchiveResourceSet.getResource(AbstractArchiveResourceSet.java:256)
                at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.getResourceInternal(StandardRoot.java:282)
                at org.apache.catalina.webresources.Cache.getResource(Cache.java:62)
                at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.getResource(StandardRoot.java:217)
                at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.getClassLoaderResource(StandardRoot.java:226)
                at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:2303)
                at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.findClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:865)
                at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1334)
                at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1188)
                at ch.qos.logback.core.ContextBase.getLifeCycleManager(ContextBase.java:260)
                at ch.qos.logback.core.ContextBase.reset(ContextBase.java:175)
                at ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext.reset(LoggerContext.java:220)
                at ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext.stop(LoggerContext.java:348)
                at ch.qos.logback.classic.servlet.LogbackServletContextListener.contextDestroyed(LogbackServletContextListener.java:36)
                at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop(StandardContext.java:4730)
                at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5396)
                at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:257)
                at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.removeChild(ContainerBase.java:805)
                at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.undeploy(HostConfig.java:1424)
                at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1351)
                at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1610)
                at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:305)
                at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
                at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1151)
                at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1353)
                at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1357)
                at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1335)
                at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515)
                at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.runAndReset(FutureTask.java:305)
                at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:305)
                at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
                at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
                at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
                at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)
        Caused by: java.io.IOException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
                at org.apache.tomcat.util.compat.Jre9Compat.jarFileNewInstance(Jre9Compat.java:236)
                at org.apache.tomcat.util.compat.JreCompat.jarFileNewInstance(JreCompat.java:162)
                at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractArchiveResourceSet.openJarFile(AbstractArchiveResourceSet.java:307)
                at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.getArchiveEntry(AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.java:97)
                ... 34 more
        Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
                at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor7.newInstance(Unknown Source)
                at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
                at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:490)
                at org.apache.tomcat.util.compat.Jre9Compat.jarFileNewInstance(Jre9Compat.java:233)
                ... 37 more
        Caused by: java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException: /var/lib/tomcat9/webapps/spring-boot/WEB-INF/lib/spring-messaging-5.3.29.jar
                at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.translateToIOException(UnixException.java:92)
                at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:111)
                at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:116)
                at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixFileAttributeViews$Basic.readAttributes(UnixFileAttributeViews.java:55)
                at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixFileSystemProvider.readAttributes(UnixFileSystemProvider.java:149)
                at java.base/sun.nio.fs.LinuxFileSystemProvider.readAttributes(LinuxFileSystemProvider.java:99)
                at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.readAttributes(Files.java:1764)
                at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile$Source.get(ZipFile.java:1259)
                at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile$CleanableResource.<init>(ZipFile.java:733)
                at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile$CleanableResource.get(ZipFile.java:850)
                at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile.<init>(ZipFile.java:248)
                at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile.<init>(ZipFile.java:177)
                at java.base/java.util.jar.JarFile.<init>(JarFile.java:350)
                ... 41 more

解决方法 #

1. 修复文件权限 #

Tomcat运行用户可能没有读取JAR文件的权限，执行以下命令修改：

sudo chown -R tomcat:tomcat /var/lib/tomcat9/webapps/spring-boot/
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/lib/tomcat9/webapps/spring-boot/WEB-INF/lib/

2. 清理Tomcat缓存 #

Tomcat的资源缓存可能导致无法识别新部署的文件：

• 停止Tomcat服务
• 删除/var/lib/tomcat9/work/Catalina/localhost/spring-boot目录下的所有内容
• 删除/var/lib/tomcat9/temp目录下的临时文件
• 重启Tomcat

3. 重新构建部署包 #

打包过程中可能出现JAR损坏或缺失，重新构建WAR包：

mvn clean package -DskipTests

确认构建无报错后，重新部署到Tomcat。

4. 检查依赖兼容性 #

虽然Spring Boot 2.7.x与Tomcat 9兼容，但需检查pom.xml中是否存在依赖冲突：

• 确保spring-messaging、spring-boot-starter-data-jpa等依赖版本统一
• 排查是否有重复引入的依赖，使用mvn dependency:tree命令查看依赖树，移除冲突依赖

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lecram