Appium无法在真实iPad设备上启动新会话求助

在真实iPad设备上执行iOS应用自动化测试，此前代码运行正常，今日突然报错。未升级Xcode、Node.js、Java或Appium，也未修改任何代码。报错发生在driver = new IOSDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/"),options);这一行。

实现代码 #

public AppiumDriver runOnRealDevice() {
        try {
            XCUITestOptions options = new XCUITestOptions();
            options.setDeviceName("my iPad");
            options.setPlatformVersion("16.5.1");
            options.setWdaLaunchTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20));
            options.setCapability("xcodeOrgId","......");
            options.setCapability("xcodeSigningId","iPhone Developer");
            options.setCapability("udid","......");
            driver = new IOSDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/"),options);
            
            driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(15));
            Map<String,String> params = new HashMap<String,String>();
            params.put("bundleId", "com.myapplebundleidentfier");
            driver.executeScript("mobile:launchApp",params);
        }catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Here12 "+e.getLocalizedMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return driver;
    }

完整错误信息 #

StatusLogger Log4j2 could not find a logging implementation. Please add log4j-core to the classpath. Using SimpleLogger to log to the console...
Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure. 
Host info: host: '-MacBook-Air.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:1044:a4fe:6300:fc53%en0'
Build info: version: '4.11.0', revision: '040bc5406b'
System info: os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'aarch64', os.version: '13.4.1', java.version: '17.0.6'
Driver info: io.appium.java_client.ios.IOSDriver
Command: [null, newSession {capabilities=[{appium:udid=myudid, appium:xcodeOrgId=myxoceorgid, appium:wdaLaunchTimeout=20000, appium:xcodeSigningId=iPhone Developer, appium:deviceName=iPad, platformName=IOS, appium:automationName=XCuiTest, appium:platformVersion=16.5.1}], desiredCapabilities=Capabilities {appium:automationName: XCuiTest, appium:deviceName: Pritish’s iPad, appium:platformVersion: 16.5.1, appium:udid:dsssddsdssd, appium:wdaLaunchTimeout: 20000, appium:xcodeOrgId: dsdsdsdsdssd, appium:xcodeSigningId: iPhone Developer, platformName: IOS}}]
Capabilities {appium:automationName: XCuiTest, appium:deviceName: my iPad, appium:platformVersion: 16.5.1, appium:udid: sddsdsdsds, appium:wdaLaunchTimeout: 20000, appium:xcodeOrgId: ddsds, appium:xcodeSigningId: iPhone Developer, platformName: IOS}
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:536)
    at io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver.startSession(AppiumDriver.java:229)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:159)
    at io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver.<init>(AppiumDriver.java:80)
    at io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver.<init>(AppiumDriver.java:92)
    at io.appium.java_client.ios.IOSDriver.<init>(IOSDriver.java:106)
    at WebPortal.IOSBaseTest.runOnRealDevice(IOSBaseTest.java:66)
    at WebPortal.IOSBaseTest.setup(IOSBaseTest.java:32)
    at WebPortal.IOSBaseTest.getDriver(IOSBaseTest.java:25)
    at stepDefinitions.TA124_ComprehensiveCI_StepDefinitions.<init>(TA124_ComprehensiveCI_StepDefinitions.java:36)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:77)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:499)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:480)
    at io.cucumber.core.runtime.ObjectFactoryServiceLoader$DefaultJavaObjectFactory.cacheNewInstance(ObjectFactoryServiceLoader.java:141)
    at io.cucumber.core.runtime.ObjectFactoryServiceLoader$DefaultJavaObjectFactory.getInstance(ObjectFactoryServiceLoader.java:133)
    at io.cucumber.java.AbstractGlueDefinition.invokeMethod(AbstractGlueDefinition.java:47)
    at io.cucumber.java.JavaStepDefinition.execute(JavaStepDefinition.java:29)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.CoreStepDefinition.execute(CoreStepDefinition.java:66)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.PickleStepDefinitionMatch.runStep(PickleStepDefinitionMatch.java:63)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.ExecutionMode$1.execute(ExecutionMode.java:10)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.TestStep.executeStep(TestStep.java:92)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.TestStep.run(TestStep.java:64)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.PickleStepTestStep.run(PickleStepTestStep.java:51)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:104)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.Runner.runPickle(Runner.java:73)
    at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.lambda$execute$5(Runtime.java:110)
    at io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext.runTestCase(CucumberExecutionContext.java:117)
    at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.lambda$execute$6(Runtime.java:110)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:539)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
    at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime$SameThreadExecutorService.execute(Runtime.java:233)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:123)
    at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.lambda$run$2(Runtime.java:86)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.SliceOps$1$1.accept(SliceOps.java:200)
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.tryAdvance(ArrayList.java:1602)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:129)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:527)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:513)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:921)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
    at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:682)
    at io.cucumber.core.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:87)
    at io.cucumber.core.cli.Main.run(Main.java:92)
    at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:30)
    at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:15)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'java.lang.String org.openqa.selenium.json.Json.toJson(java.lang.Object, int)'
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.NewSessionPayload.create(NewSessionPayload.java:126)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.NewSessionPayload.create(NewSessionPayload.java:111)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.NewSessionPayload.create(NewSessionPayload.java:105)
    at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumProtocolHandshake.createSession(AppiumProtocolHandshake.java:101)
    at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumCommandExecutor.createSession(AppiumCommandExecutor.java:194)
    at io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumCommandExecutor.execute(AppiumCommandExecutor.java:262)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:518)
    ... 48 more

报错根源 #

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 'java.lang.String org.openqa.selenium.json.Json.toJson(java.lang.Object, int)'

这个错误是典型的依赖版本冲突问题，核心是Selenium与Appium Java Client版本不兼容，导致找不到指定方法。即使未手动升级依赖，也可能是构建工具自动拉取了不兼容版本，或本地依赖缓存损坏。

• 对齐Selenium与Appium Java Client版本
  Appium Java Client对Selenium有严格版本依赖，比如Appium Java Client 8.x对应Selenium 4.x，需确保版本匹配。可直接使用Appium提供的兼容版本，让构建工具自动处理依赖，避免手动指定Selenium版本。

• 清理并重新下载依赖
  本地依赖缓存可能损坏，执行以下操作：

  • Maven：mvn clean install -U（强制更新依赖并清理缓存）
  • Gradle：gradle clean build --refresh-dependencies

• 检查依赖树并排除冲突
  用构建工具查看依赖树，找出是否有其他依赖引入了不兼容的Selenium版本：

  • Maven：mvn dependency:tree
  • Gradle：gradle dependencies
    找到冲突依赖后，添加排除规则，例如Maven中：

  <dependency>
      <groupId>xxx</groupId>
      <artifactId>xxx</artifactId>
      <version>xxx</version>
      <exclusions>
          <exclusion>
              <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
              <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
          </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
  </dependency>
  

• 验证Appium服务兼容性
  重启Appium服务，运行appium --version查看版本，确保与Java Client版本匹配（如Appium 2.x对应Java Client 8.x+）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BraveEvidence