Node TS API容器无法连接SQL Server，求助排查故障

本地运行Node应用可正常连接SQL Server，但部署为Docker容器后出现以下连接错误：

ConnectionError: Failed to connect to = 192.168.0.190:1433 - getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND = 192.168.0.190
at connectListener (/app/node_modules/mssql/lib/tedious/connection-pool.js:70:17)
at Connection.onConnect (/app/node_modules/tedious/src/connection.ts:1725:9)
at Object.onceWrapper (node:events:629:26)
at Connection.emit (node:events:514:28)
at Connection.emit (/app/node_modules/tedious/src/connection.ts:1868:18)
at Connection.socketError (/app/node_modules/tedious/src/connection.ts:2189:12)
at /app/node_modules/tedious/src/connection.ts:1992:37
at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:77:11) {
code: ‘ESOCKET’,
originalError: ConnectionError: Failed to connect to = 192.168.0.190:1433 - getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND = 192.168.0.190
at Connection.socketError (/app/node_modules/tedious/src/connection.ts:2189:28)
at /app/node_modules/tedious/src/connection.ts:1992:37
at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:77:11) {
code: ‘ESOCKET’,
isTransient: undefined
}
}

相关配置文件 #

Dockerfile #

FROM node:18-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY ./package*.json .
RUN npm install
COPY . .
ENV APP_DATA_BASE = *************
ENV API_HOST = 192.168.0.190
ENV INSTANCE_NAME = mssqlserver
ENV DB_PORT = 1433
ENV PORT = 8080
ENV DIALECT = *****
ENV DB_USER = *****
ENV PASSWORD = ******
ENV TLS_VERSION = *****
ENV SECRET= **********
ENV BI_DATABASE = ****
ENV BI_USER = ****
ENV BI_PASSWORD = *****
ENV BI_HOST = 192.168.0.190
ENV BI_PORT = 1433
EXPOSE 8080

docker-compose.yml #

version: ‘3.7’

services:
  cockpit-api:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
      # target: base
    volumes:
      - ./src:/usr/src/app
    container_name: cockpit-api
    expose:
      - '8080'
    ports:
      - '8080:8080'
    command: npm run dev

App DataSource配置 #

import ‘reflect-metadata’
import ‘dotenv/config’
import { join } from ‘path’
import { DataSource } from ‘typeorm’

export const AppDataSource = new DataSource({
    type: 'mssql',
    host: process.env.API_HOST,
    port: Number(process.env.DB_PORT),
    username:  process.env.DB_USER,
    password: process.env.PASSWORD,
    database: process.env.APP_DATA_BASE,
    synchronize: false,
    logging: false,
    entities: [join(__dirname, './entities/*{.ts,.js}')],
    migrations: [join(__dirname, './migrations/*{.ts,.js}')],
    subscribers: [],
    extra: {
        encrypt: false,
        trustServerCertificate: true
    }
})

server.ts #

import 'reflect-metadata'
import { AppDataSource } from '../infra/db/mssql/cockpit/datasource'
import mssql from 'mssql';
const sql = mssql
import app from './config/app'


export const biEmisConfig = {
    user: process.env.BI_USER,
    password: process.env.BI_PASSWORD,
    database: process.env.BI_DATABASE,
    server: process.env.BI_HOST || '',
    pool: {
        max: 10,
        min: 0,
        idleTimeoutMillis: 30000
    },
    options: {
        encrypt: false, // for azure
        trustServerCertificate: true, // change to true for local dev / self-signed certs
        port: Number(process.env.BI_PORT)
    }
}

AppDataSource.initialize()
    .then(async () => {
        console.log('App Data Source initilized')
        await sql.connect(biEmisConfig)
        console.log('Bi initialized')
        app.listen(process.env.PORT, () =>  {
            console.log(`Server is running on ${process.env.PORT}`)
        })
    })
    .catch(error => console.error(error))

package.json #

{
  "name": "cockpit-api",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "index.js",
  "license": "MIT",
  "type": "commonjs",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node build/main/server.js",
    "build": "rimraf build && tsc",
    "dev": "tsnd --transpile-only --respawn --ignore-watch node_modules src/main/server.ts",
    "test": "vitest",
    "coverage": "vitest run --coverage",
    "typeorm": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs",
    "migration:generate": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:generate -d  src/infra/db/mssql/cockpit/datasource.ts",
    "migration:up": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:run -d  src/infra/db/mssql/cockpit/datasource.ts",
    "migration:down": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:revert -d  src/infra/db/mssql/cockpit/datasource.ts",
    "migration:create": "typeorm migration:create"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "bcrypt": "^5.1.0",
    "dotenv": "^16.3.1",
    "express": "^4.18.2",
    "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.0",
    "mssql": "^9.1.2",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.13",
    "rimraf": "^5.0.1",
    "typeorm": "^0.3.17",
    "validator": "^13.9.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/bcrypt": "^5.0.0",
    "@types/express": "^4.17.17",
    "@types/jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.2",
    "@types/mssql": "^8.1.2",
    "@types/node": "^20.3.2",
    "@types/validator": "^13.7.17",
    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^5.60.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^5.60.0",
    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^0.32.2",
    "eslint": "^8.43.0",
    "eslint-config-standard-with-typescript": "^35.0.0",
    "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.27.5",
    "eslint-plugin-promise": "^6.1.1",
    "prettier": "^2.8.8",
    "ts-node": "^10.9.1",
    "ts-node-dev": "^2.0.0",
    "typescript": "^5.1.3",
    "vitest": "^0.32.2"
  }
}

解决方案 #

1. 修复Dockerfile环境变量定义格式 #

错误日志中显示连接地址为= 192.168.0.190，核心原因是Dockerfile中环境变量赋值添加了多余的空格和等号。ENV变量赋值不能有空格，正确格式为ENV KEY=VALUE。

修改后的Dockerfile环境变量部分：

ENV APP_DATA_BASE=*************
ENV API_HOST=192.168.0.190
ENV INSTANCE_NAME=mssqlserver
ENV DB_PORT=1433
ENV PORT=8080
ENV DIALECT=*****
ENV DB_USER=*****
ENV PASSWORD=******
ENV TLS_VERSION=*****
ENV SECRET=**********
ENV BI_DATABASE=****
ENV BI_USER=****
ENV BI_PASSWORD=*****
ENV BI_HOST=192.168.0.190
ENV BI_PORT=1433

2. 确保Docker容器能访问SQL Server #

• 如果SQL Server运行在宿主机：
  • Windows/macOS：使用host.docker.internal替代192.168.0.190作为数据库主机地址
  • Linux：在docker-compose中添加network_mode: host，或确保宿主机防火墙开放1433端口，且SQL Server允许远程连接
• 如果SQL Server在局域网其他机器：确认容器所在网络能访问该机器的1433端口，SQL Server已启用TCP/IP协议，且防火墙规则放行

3. 修正Docker Compose路径映射 #

Dockerfile中WORKDIR为/app，但docker-compose的volume映射为./src:/usr/src/app，路径不匹配会导致代码加载异常。修改为：

volumes:
  - ./src:/app/src

4. 验证SQL Server配置 #

• 确认SQL Server已启用TCP/IP协议（在SQL Server配置管理器中查看）
• 确认SQL Server实例监听1433端口
• 确认数据库账号拥有远程连接权限

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Thomas