GitLab Runner系统故障求助：CI/CD流水线突发报错

我们的CI/CD流水线已正常运行多年，昨日起突然无明确原因出现报错：

GitLab Runner - There has been a runner system failure, please try again

我对GitLab Runner了解有限，且并非当初的配置人员。

补充信息 #

.gitlab-ci.yml 配置内容 #

image:
  name: clevercloud/clever-tools:latest
  entrypoint: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]

variables:
  CLEVER_KIND_APPLICATION: "node"
  CLEVER_ORGANIZATION_ID: ${CLEVER_ORGANIZATION_ID}
  CLEVER_SECRET: ${CLEVER_SECRET}
  CLEVER_TOKEN: ${CLEVER_TOKEN}
  STAGING_APP_NAME: $STAGING_APP_NAME
  STAGING_APP_ID: $STAGING_APP_ID

stages:
  - test_and_lint
  - deploy

test_and_lint:
  image: node:14
  stage: test_and_lint
  script:
    - yarn install
    - yarn lint
    - yarn test

deploy:staging:clevercloud:
  stage: deploy
  only:
    - staging
  environment:
    name: production-clever-cloud/${STAGING_APP_NAME}
    url: https://${STAGING_APP_NAME}.cleverapps.io
  script: |
    CREATE_CC_APP=false
    clever link $STAGING_APP_ID -o ${CLEVER_ORGANIZATION_ID}  || CREATE_CC_APP=true
    if ${CREATE_CC_APP}; then clever create --type ${CLEVER_KIND_APPLICATION} -o ${CLEVER_ORGANIZATION_ID} $STAGING_APP_NAME; sleep 10; fi
    clever domain add ${STAGING_APP_NAME}.cleverapps.io || true
    clever deploy -f

Runner配置截图 #

已尝试的无效操作 #

• 创建并注册新Runner，执行任务时因配置失败报Docker未启动错误
• 在“Pipelines”标签页清理Runner缓存
• 查阅多个Stack Overflow相关帖子，但均未解决问题
• 参考提及磁盘空间问题的帖子，但无法通过SSH登录Runner（不知密码来源）

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Clément Roig