使用Boost序列化库反序列化时遭遇输入流错误问题求助

我使用Boost序列化库对带有非默认构造函数的类进行序列化操作，序列化过程正常，但反序列化读取文件时抛出input stream error异常。已参考官方文档实现，尝试移除Book类serialize方法中的ar & name（文档示例同样如此），但仍报错。调试发现异常来自load_access类的load_primitive函数。

源码 #

#include <fstream>
#include <filesystem>

#include <boost/serialization/access.hpp>
#include <boost/serialization/string.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp>

class Book 
{
private:
    std::string name;
    friend class boost::serialization::access;
    template<class Archive>
    void serialize(Archive& ar, const unsigned int file_version)
    {
        ar & name;
    }
public:
    Book(std::string name): name(name) {}
};

namespace boost {
namespace serialization {
    template<class Archive>
    inline void save_construct_data(Archive& ar, Book* book, const unsigned int file_version)
    {
        ar << book->name;
    }
    template<class Archive>
    inline void load_construct_data(Archive& ar, Book* book, const unsigned int file_version)
    {
        std::string name;
        ar >> name;
        ::new(book)Book(name);
    }
}
}

int main() 
{
    Book book("Harry Potter");
    std::ofstream ofs("Book.txt");
    boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
    oa << &book;
    ofs.close();

    Book* read;
    std::ifstream ifs("Book.txt", std::ios::binary);
    boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(ifs);
    ia >> read;
    ifs.close();
}

错误信息 #

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'boost::archive::archive_exception'
  what():  input stream error

问题原因及解决办法 #

核心问题 #

1. 文本归档与二进制打开模式冲突：使用text_oarchive生成的是文本格式归档，但反序列化时用std::ios::binary打开输入流，导致文本内容被错误解析，直接触发输入流异常。
2. 重复序列化成员变量：save_construct_data已序列化name，serialize方法又再次序列化该变量，造成归档内容冗余，反序列化时数据不匹配。

修正后的代码 #

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <filesystem>

#include <boost/serialization/access.hpp>
#include <boost/serialization/string.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp>

class Book 
{
private:
    std::string name;
    friend class boost::serialization::access;
    template<class Archive>
    void serialize(Archive& ar, const unsigned int file_version)
    {
        // 移除重复的name序列化，构造数据已处理该字段
    }
public:
    Book(std::string name): name(name) {}
    const std::string& get_name() const { return name; }
};

namespace boost {
namespace serialization {
    template<class Archive>
    inline void save_construct_data(Archive& ar, Book* book, const unsigned int file_version)
    {
        ar << book->name;
    }
    template<class Archive>
    inline void load_construct_data(Archive& ar, Book* book, const unsigned int file_version)
    {
        std::string name;
        ar >> name;
        ::new(book)Book(name);
    }
}
}

int main() 
{
    Book book("Harry Potter");
    std::ofstream ofs("Book.txt");
    boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
    oa << &book;
    ofs.close();

    Book* read;
    // 移除std::ios::binary，用文本模式匹配text_iarchive
    std::ifstream ifs("Book.txt");
    boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(ifs);
    ia >> read;
    
    // 验证反序列化结果
    std::cout << "读取到的书名：" << read->get_name() << std::endl;
    
    // 释放动态分配的内存
    delete read;
    ifs.close();
}

关键修正点 #

• 反序列化时移除std::ios::binary，使用默认文本模式打开文件，匹配text_oarchive的输出格式。
• 删除serialize方法中的ar & name，避免与save_construct_data的序列化操作重复。
• 添加内存释放代码，防止内存泄漏。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者felixkellenbenz