Flutter打包Release版本时Kotlin版本不兼容问题求助

构建Flutter应用的Release版本时出现Kotlin版本不兼容错误，多个依赖模块（如in_app_update、screen_brightness_android等）及Jetpack组件的kotlin_module元数据二进制版本为1.9.0/1.8.0，但构建工具预期版本为1.5.1。Debug版本可正常运行。

错误日志 #

e: /home/muhdroid/Documents/Projects Education/abd_el_wahab_hegazy/build/in_app_update/.transforms/44939e9527cbf0759b903aa9f64015de/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/in_app_update_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/Documents/Projects Education/abd_el_wahab_hegazy/build/screen_brightness_android/.transforms/1e8fa44b7ebdc12cb8742c012a2b08c4/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/screen_brightness_android_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/Documents/Projects Education/abd_el_wahab_hegazy/build/wakelock_plus/.transforms/f6dd81657896465a3658863068a12742/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/wakelock_plus_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/Documents/Projects Education/abd_el_wahab_hegazy/build/volume_controller/.transforms/62b41e1f923cc855df2d35320ec5f6f3/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/volume_controller_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/Documents/Projects Education/abd_el_wahab_hegazy/build/package_info_plus/.transforms/9c9d2fad3b50b2bd23b3490a45f5d32f/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/package_info_plus_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/Documents/Projects Education/abd_el_wahab_hegazy/build/device_info_plus/.transforms/ccd2969d2b3501b88662c7ce2707f464/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/device_info_plus_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/abb0272b3c6600cd73455647d3d73261/transformed/jetified-activity-1.7.2/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/activity_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/a5acbf2c50e89562ee6b04491c773b80/transformed/lifecycle-livedata-core-2.6.1/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/lifecycle-livedata-core_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/2b71c9bf05dde48913d902212b8ef681/transformed/lifecycle-livedata-2.6.1/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/lifecycle-livedata_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/d2bd0f9435a9f516bd463d5c9d4ede4b/transformed/lifecycle-viewmodel-2.6.1/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/lifecycle-viewmodel_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: /home/muhdroid/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/2e60c8de69dbcbad8db906e51762afa6/transformed/jetified-lifecycle-viewmodel-savedstate-2.6.1/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/lifecycle-viewmodel-savedstate_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.5.1.

项目build.gradle配置 #

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.0'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.1.2'
        // START: FlutterFire Configuration
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.10'
        // END: FlutterFire Configuration
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

解决方法 #

1. 统一子模块的Kotlin版本配置 #

问题核心是子模块未继承根项目的Kotlin版本，导致Release构建时版本不匹配。修改根项目build.gradle的subprojects块，强制子模块使用根项目指定的Kotlin版本：

subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
    // 添加以下配置
    project.ext {
        kotlin_version = rootProject.ext.kotlin_version
    }
    tasks.withType(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.tasks.KotlinCompile).configureEach {
        kotlinOptions {
            jvmTarget = '1.8'
            apiVersion = rootProject.ext.kotlin_version.split('.')[0..1].join('.')
            languageVersion = rootProject.ext.kotlin_version.split('.')[0..1].join('.')
        }
    }
}

2. 匹配Android Gradle插件与Kotlin版本兼容性 #

当前使用的AGP 7.1.2兼容的Kotlin版本范围是1.6.x~1.7.x，而你使用的Kotlin 1.9.0版本跨度太大，需调整为匹配版本：
修改根build.gradle中的ext.kotlin_version为1.7.20：

ext.kotlin_version = '1.7.20'

3. 清理缓存并重新构建 #

执行以下命令清除旧构建缓存，避免干扰：

flutter clean
rm -rf ~/.gradle/caches
flutter build apk --release

额外检查 #

若上述方法无效，查看android/app/build.gradle中是否单独指定了Kotlin版本，如有则删除该配置，确保继承根项目的版本设置。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者muhdroid