Prometheus Alertmanager配置调整：指定环境规则的告警邮箱修改

现有Prometheus监控已针对10个环境、10条规则完成配置，所有告警邮件统一发送至aaa@aaa.jp。现需新增配置，让3个特定环境的3条规则将告警邮件发送至另一邮箱bbb@bbb.jp。以下是当前Alertmanager配置及之前尝试但未成功的配置，需指导正确的配置添加方法。

当前Alertmanager配置 #

global:
  smtp_smarthost: 'email-smtp.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com:111'
  smtp_from: 'Alertmanager <aaa@abcd.jp>'
  smtp_auth_username: 'ASDFGHJKLQWERTYUIO'
  smtp_auth_password: 'hfiytOUYiuhlIYFTDilkUTFRDikhgfG'
#  smtp_auth_secret: '*********'

route:
  # 默认接收器
  receiver: 'default'

  # 按告警名、实例名、严重度分组，判定同类告警的条件
  group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'severity']

  # 同类告警合并为一组的等待时间
  group_wait: 30s

  # 同类告警再次通知的间隔时间（含恢复通知）
  group_interval: 5m

  # 已通知告警的重复通知间隔
  repeat_interval: 1h
 
  routes:
    # 按告警严重度切换发送目标
    - match:
        severity: critical
        
      group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'severity']
      group_wait: 30s
      group_interval: 5m
      repeat_interval: 1h
      receiver: critical

    - match:
        severity: warning

      group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'severity']
      group_wait: 30s
      group_interval: 5m
      repeat_interval: 1h
      receiver: warning

receivers:
  - name: 'default'
    email_configs:
    - to: aaa@aaa.jp
      send_resolved: true

  - name: 'critical'
    email_configs:
    - to: aaa@aaa.jp
      send_resolved: true

  - name: 'warning'
    slack_configs:
    # Slack配置保留原有注释内容

inhibit_rules:
  - source_match:
     # 当告警严重度为critical时
     severity: 'critical' 
    target_match:
    # 同一告警名的warning告警不发送通知
     severity: 'warning'
    equal: ['alertname']

之前尝试的错误配置 #

route:
- match:
　　　　job_name = www.abcdefg.com
     -alert_name = export_down

      group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'severity']
      group_wait: 30s
      group_interval: 5m
      repeat_interval: 1h
      receiver: customer

receivers:
  - name: 'customer'  
    email_configs:
    - to: bbb@bbb.jp
      send_resolved: true

错误原因 #

之前的配置存在多处语法与规则错误：

1. YAML语法错误：匹配条件使用=而非YAML标准的:，缩进混乱且包含全角空格，导致配置无法解析。
2. 标签名错误：Alertmanager中无job_name和alert_name标签，正确标签应为job（对应Prometheus采集任务名）和alertname（对应告警规则名）。
3. 路由结构错误：新增路由直接覆盖原有route节点，而非插入到route.routes数组中，导致原有规则全部失效。

正确配置步骤 #

步骤1：新增专属接收器 #

在receivers节点末尾添加针对bbb@bbb.jp的接收器：

- name: 'customer'  
    email_configs:
    - to: bbb@bbb.jp
      send_resolved: true

步骤2：添加高优先级路由规则 #

Alertmanager路由按从上到下顺序匹配，需将特定环境/规则的路由放在routes数组最前面，确保优先匹配。

假设3个特定环境的job标签值为env-1、env-2、env-3，3条规则的alertname为rule-a、rule-b、rule-c，添加如下路由：

routes:
    # 新增：匹配特定环境与规则的路由（优先级最高）
    - matchers:
        - job =~ "env-1|env-2|env-3"
        - alertname =~ "rule-a|rule-b|rule-c"
      group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'severity']
      group_wait: 30s
      group_interval: 5m
      repeat_interval: 1h
      receiver: customer
    # 原有critical路由（保持不变）
    - match:
        severity: critical
      ...

说明：

• 使用matchers支持正则匹配，可一次性匹配多个环境/规则；若需精确匹配单个值，可使用match（如match: {job: "env-1"}）。
• 保持分组、间隔参数与原有规则一致，确保告警逻辑统一。

完整修改后的配置 #

global:
  smtp_smarthost: 'email-smtp.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com:111'
  smtp_from: 'Alertmanager <aaa@abcd.jp>'
  smtp_auth_username: 'ASDFGHJKLQWERTYUIO'
  smtp_auth_password: 'hfiytOUYiuhlIYFTDilkUTFRDikhgfG'
#  smtp_auth_secret: '*********'

route:
  receiver: 'default'
  group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'severity']
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 5m
  repeat_interval: 1h
 
  routes:
    # 新增：特定环境+特定规则的告警路由
    - matchers:
        - job =~ "env-1|env-2|env-3"
        - alertname =~ "rule-a|rule-b|rule-c"
      group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'severity']
      group_wait: 30s
      group_interval: 5m
      repeat_interval: 1h
      receiver: customer

    # 原有critical路由
    - match:
        severity: critical
      group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'severity']
      group_wait: 30s
      group_interval: 5m
      repeat_interval: 1h
      receiver: critical

    # 原有warning路由
    - match:
        severity: warning
      group_by: ['alertname', 'instance', 'severity']
      group_wait: 30s
      group_interval: 5m
      repeat_interval: 1h
      receiver: warning

receivers:
  - name: 'default'
    email_configs:
    - to: aaa@aaa.jp
      send_resolved: true

  - name: 'critical'
    email_configs:
    - to: aaa@aaa.jp
      send_resolved: true

  - name: 'warning'
    slack_configs:
    # Slack配置保留原有注释内容

  # 新增：专属接收器
  - name: 'customer'  
    email_configs:
    - to: bbb@bbb.jp
      send_resolved: true

inhibit_rules:
  - source_match:
     severity: 'critical' 
    target_match:
     severity: 'warning'
    equal: ['alertname']

验证配置 #

修改完成后，执行以下命令验证语法正确性：

amtool config validate --config-file=alertmanager.yml

若输出Config file is valid则配置正确，重启Alertmanager即可生效。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Leo BM