Pine Script策略无订单生成问题求助

我是Pine Script新手，基于他人指标重构了一个交易策略，但在测试区间内该策略始终未生成任何订单。指标可正常在TradingView的BTC/USDT（币安）交易对上显示，却无订单产出。

相关情况说明：

• 图表显示指标正常加载
• 策略测试面板无订单生成记录
• BTC/USDT图表上指标绘制正常
• 订单历史为空

策略代码如下：

strategy("Strategy", overlay = true, max_lines_count = 300, max_labels_count = 300, max_bars_back=300)
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Settings
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------{
h = input.float(8.,'Bandwidth', minval = 0)
mult = input.float(3., minval = 0)
src = input(close, 'Source')

repaint = input(true, 'Repainting Smoothing', tooltip = 'Repainting is an effect where the indicators historical output is subject to change over time. Disabling repainting will cause the indicator to output the endpoints of the calculations')

//Style
upCss = input.color(color.teal, 'Colors', inline = 'inline1', group = 'Style')
dnCss = input.color(color.red, '', inline = 'inline1', group = 'Style')

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------}
//Functions
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------{
//Gaussian window
gauss(x, h) => math.exp(-(math.pow(x, 2)/(h * h * 2)))

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------}
//Append lines
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------{
n = bar_index

var ln = array.new_line(0) 

if barstate.isfirst and repaint
    for i = 0 to 299
        array.push(ln,line.new(na,na,na,na))

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------}
//End point method
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------{
var coefs = array.new_float(0)
var den = 0.

if barstate.isfirst and not repaint
    for i = 0 to 299
        w = gauss(i, h)
        coefs.push(w)

    den := coefs.sum()

out = 0.
if not repaint
    for i = 0 to 299
        out += src[i] * coefs.get(i)
out /= den
mae = ta.sma(math.abs(src - out), 299) * mult

upper = out + mae
lower = out - mae
 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------}
//Compute and display NWE
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------{
float y2 = na
float y1 = na

nwe = array.new<float>(0)
if barstate.islast and repaint
    sae = 0.
    //Compute and set NWE point 
    for i = 0 to math.min(299,n - 1)
        sum = 0.
        sumw = 0.
        //Compute weighted mean 
        for j = 0 to math.min(299,n - 1)
            w = gauss(i - j, h)
            sum += src[j] * w
            sumw += w

        y2 := sum / sumw
        sae += math.abs(src[i] - y2)
        nwe.push(y2)
    
    sae := sae / math.min(299,n - 1) * mult
    for i = 0 to math.min(299,n - 1)
        if i%2
            line.new(n-i+1, y1 + sae, n-i, nwe.get(i) + sae, color = upCss)
            line.new(n-i+1, y1 - sae, n-i, nwe.get(i) - sae, color = dnCss)
        
        if src[i] > nwe.get(i) + sae and src[i+1] < nwe.get(i) + sae
            label.new(n-i, src[i], '▼', color = color(na), style = label.style_label_down, textcolor = dnCss, textalign = text.align_center)
        if src[i] < nwe.get(i) - sae and src[i+1] > nwe.get(i) - sae
            label.new(n-i, src[i], '▲', color = color(na), style = label.style_label_up, textcolor = upCss, textalign = text.align_center)
        
        y1 := nwe.get(i)

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------}
//Dashboard
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------{
var tb = table.new(position.top_right, 1, 1
  , bgcolor = #1e222d
  , border_color = #373a46
  , border_width = 1
  , frame_color = #373a46
  , frame_width = 1)

if repaint
    tb.cell(0, 0, 'Repainting Mode Enabled', text_color = color.white, text_size = size.small)

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------}
//Plot
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------}
plot(repaint ? na : out + mae, 'Upper', upCss)
plot(repaint ? na : out - mae, 'Lower', dnCss)

//Crossing Arrows
plotshape(ta.crossunder(close, out - mae) ? low : na, "Crossunder", shape.labelup, location.absolute, color(na), 0 , text = '▲', textcolor = upCss, size = size.tiny)
plotshape(ta.crossover(close, out + mae) ? high : na, "Crossover", shape.labeldown, location.absolute, color(na), 0 , text = '▼', textcolor = dnCss, size = size.tiny)

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------}

buy = ta.crossunder(close, out - mae)
sell = ta.crossover(close, out + mae)

if (buy)
    strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)

if (sell)
    strategy.close("Long")

if (sell)
    strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)

if (buy)
    strategy.close("Short")

核心问题在于**repaint输入参数默认是true**，而策略的交易信号完全依赖out、upper、lower这些变量，但在repaint=true的模式下，这些变量的有效计算逻辑被跳过了：

• 在End point method代码块中，只有当not repaint时才会计算out的有效值，否则out始终为初始赋值的0，导致upper和lower也变成无效值。
• 交易信号buy = ta.crossunder(close, out - mae)和sell = ta.crossover(close, out + mae)在repaint=true时，由于out无效，永远不会触发交叉条件，自然无法生成订单。
• 另外，repaint=true模式下的指标绘制仅在最后一根K线执行，属于仅用于查看形态的重绘式显示，无法产生历史有效的交易信号。

修复步骤： #

1. 临时将repaint输入参数设置为false，测试策略是否能正常生成订单。
2. 如果需要保留重绘模式的显示效果，必须修改交易信号逻辑，让其在两种模式下都能获取有效的上下轨数值：在repaint=true时，将barstate.islast块中计算的sae和nwe数组值同步到全局的upper/lower变量中（注意重绘模式存在未来函数问题，实盘需谨慎）。
3. 建议优先使用非重绘模式进行策略回测和实盘，重绘模式仅用于临时查看指标形态。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Maksym Maksimov