selenium/standalone-chrome+Java17环境下WebDriver异常求排查修复

场景说明 #

基于selenium/standalone-chrome:115.0镜像构建集成Java17的Docker环境，相关代码如下：

Dockerfile #

FROM selenium/standalone-chrome:115.0

RUN wget -O- https://apt.corretto.aws/corretto.key | sudo apt-key add -

RUN sudo apt update
# RUN sudo apt upgrade
RUN sudo apt-get -y install software-properties-common
RUN sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://apt.corretto.aws stable main'
RUN sudo apt-get update
RUN sudo apt-get install -y java-17-amazon-corretto-jdk


ENV CHROMEDRIVER_PORT 4444
ENV CHROMEDRIVER_WHITELISTED_IPS "127.0.0.1"
ENV CHROMEDRIVER_URL_BASE ''
EXPOSE 4444

EXPOSE 8080
ARG JAR_FILE=target/*.jar
COPY ${JAR_FILE} app.jar
# For Testing
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar", "-Xmx600m","/app.jar"]

Java代码 #

//            System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/usr/local/bin/chromedriver");

ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
//            chromeOptions.setBinary("/usr/local/bin/chrome");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--headless=new");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-gpu");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=*");
WebDriver webDriver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
webDriver.get("https://www.google.com/");

出现的错误 #

错误1：ChromeDriver版本不兼容 #

The chromedriver version (115.0.5790.102) detected in PATH at /usr/bin/chromedriver might not be compatible with the detected chrome version (115.0.5790.110); currently, chromedriver 115.0.5790.170 is recommended for chrome 115.*, so it is advised to delete the driver in PATH and retry

错误2：页面崩溃导致会话删除 #

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: session deleted because of page crash
from tab crashed
  (Session info: chrome=115.0.5790.110)
Build info: version: '4.11.0', revision: '040bc5406b'
System info: os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '5.15.49-linuxkit', java.version: '17.0.8.1'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Command: [29d1fa15d0fab05c1c479470b82aaa69, get {url=https://www.kcrg.com/2022/02/08/john-deere-acquires-majority-ownership-battery-manufacturer/}]
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 115.0.5790.110, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 115.0.5790.102 (90efd4b0ad6..., userDataDir: /tmp/.org.chromium.Chromium...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:43301}, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platformName: linux, proxy: Proxy(), se:cdp: ws://localhost:43301/devtoo..., se:cdpVersion: 115.0.5790.110, setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify, webauthn:extension:credBlob: true, webauthn:extension:largeBlob: true, webauthn:extension:minPinLength: true, webauthn:extension:prf: true, webauthn:virtualAuthenticators: true}

修复方案 #

针对错误1：版本不兼容问题 #

问题根源是Docker镜像中存在两个版本的chromedriver：/usr/bin/chromedriver（版本115.0.5790.102）和selenium/standalone-chrome自带的/usr/local/bin/chromedriver（与Chrome版本匹配），系统优先找到了旧版本。

有两种修复方式：

• 调整PATH优先级：在Dockerfile中添加环境变量，让/usr/local/bin优先于/usr/bin，确保使用镜像自带的正确版本：

  ENV PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
  

• 替换为推荐版本：如果需要严格使用官方推荐的115.0.5790.170版本，在Dockerfile中添加以下步骤：

  # 删除旧的chromedriver
  RUN sudo rm -f /usr/bin/chromedriver
  # 下载并替换为指定版本
  RUN wget -O /tmp/chromedriver.zip https://storage.googleapis.com/chrome-for-testing-public/115.0.5790.170/linux64/chromedriver-linux64.zip
  RUN unzip /tmp/chromedriver.zip -d /tmp
  RUN sudo mv /tmp/chromedriver-linux64/chromedriver /usr/bin/chromedriver
  RUN sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/chromedriver
  RUN rm -rf /tmp/chromedriver.zip /tmp/chromedriver-linux64
  

针对错误2：页面崩溃问题 #

该问题通常是Chrome在headless模式下资源不足或环境配置导致，可通过以下步骤修复：

• 添加Chrome启动参数：在Java代码的ChromeOptions中补充以下参数：

  chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-dev-shm-usage"); // 禁用共享内存，避免容器内存限制导致崩溃
  chromeOptions.addArguments("--window-size=1920,1080"); // 设置固定窗口大小，避免渲染异常
  chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-extensions"); // 禁用扩展，减少资源占用
  

• 调整Java进程内存：在Dockerfile的ENTRYPOINT中增大Java堆内存，比如从-Xmx600m改为-Xmx1g：

  ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar", "-Xmx1g","/app.jar"]
  

• 增加Docker容器内存：启动容器时指定内存限制，比如：

  docker run --memory=2g your-image-name
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者HeronAlgoSearch