ChromeDriver版本不兼容：如何匹配Chrome 116的正确驱动？

问题背景 #

我编写了一段Python脚本，使用undetected_chromedriver加载本地Chrome配置文件打开Gmail，目的是避免重复登录并通过键盘快捷键激活扩展。脚本代码如下：

import undetected_chromedriver as uc
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
import time


# Set up Chrome WebDriver
service = Service()
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
options.add_argument("--profile-directory=Default")
options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=C:\\Users\\athar\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\")

driver = uc.Chrome(service = service, options = options)

driver.get("https://gmail.com/")
time.sleep(10)

# Close the browser
driver.quit()

运行脚本时出现版本不兼容错误，完整错误信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "d:\programming\Python\Freelance\ExtensionAutomation\test.py", line 16, in <module>
    driver = uc.Chrome(service = service, options = options)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\athar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\undetected_chromedriver\__init__.py", line 466, in __init__
    super(Chrome, self).__init__(
  File "C:\Users\athar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chrome\webdriver.py", line 45, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "C:\Users\athar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chromium\webdriver.py", line 56, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "C:\Users\athar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 206, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities)
  File "C:\Users\athar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\undetected_chromedriver\__init__.py", line 724, in start_session
    super(selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver, self).start_session(
  File "C:\Users\athar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 290, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, caps)["value"]
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\athar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 345, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Users\athar\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 229, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 未知错误：无法连接到127.0.0.1:54613的Chrome
来自会话未创建：此版本的ChromeDriver仅支持Chrome版本114
当前浏览器版本为116.0.5845.110
Stacktrace:
Backtrace:
        GetHandleVerifier [0x00FDA813+48355]
        (No symbol) [0x00F6C4B1]
        (No symbol) [0x00E75358]
        (No symbol) [0x00E961AC]
        (No symbol) [0x00E906B4]
        (No symbol) [0x00E90491]
        (No symbol) [0x00EC0C55]
        (No symbol) [0x00EC093C]
        (No symbol) [0x00EBA536]
        (No symbol) [0x00E982DC]
        (No symbol) [0x00E993DD]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x0123AABD+2539405]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x0127A78F+2800735]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x0127456C+2775612]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x010651E0+616112]
        (No symbol) [0x00F75F8C]
        (No symbol) [0x00F72328]
        (No symbol) [0x00F7240B]
        (No symbol) [0x00F64FF7]
        BaseThreadInitThunk [0x768D7D59+25]
        RtlInitializeExceptionChain [0x77C6B79B+107]
        RtlClearBits [0x77C6B71F+191]

如何获取与Chrome 116兼容的正确ChromeDriver版本？需要下载什么文件，以及如何将驱动路径传递给WebDriver函数？

解决方案 #

1. 获取对应版本的ChromeDriver #

ChromeDriver版本必须与本地Chrome的主版本号完全匹配（你的Chrome是116.0.5845.110，需下载116.x.x.x版本的ChromeDriver）：

• 下载对应平台的压缩包：
  • Windows系统：chromedriver_win32.zip
  • macOS Intel芯片：chromedriver_mac64.zip；M系列芯片：chromedriver_mac_arm64.zip
  • Linux系统：chromedriver_linux64.zip
• 解压后得到可执行文件：Windows为chromedriver.exe，macOS/Linux为chromedriver

2. 传递驱动路径给WebDriver #

修改脚本，将解压后的ChromeDriver路径传入WebDriver，有两种方式：

方式一：通过Selenium的Service类指定

import undetected_chromedriver as uc
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
import time

# 替换为你解压后的ChromeDriver实际路径
driver_path = "C:\\your\\path\\to\\chromedriver.exe"  # Windows示例
# driver_path = "/Users/yourname/path/to/chromedriver"  # macOS/Linux示例

service = Service(driver_path)
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
options.add_argument("--profile-directory=Default")
options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=C:\\Users\\athar\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\")

driver = uc.Chrome(service=service, options=options)

driver.get("https://gmail.com/")
time.sleep(10)

driver.quit()

方式二：直接给undetected_chromedriver指定executable_path

import undetected_chromedriver as uc
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import time

options = Options()
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
options.add_argument("--profile-directory=Default")
options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=C:\\Users\\athar\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\")

# 替换为你的ChromeDriver实际路径
driver = uc.Chrome(executable_path="C:\\your\\path\\to\\chromedriver.exe", options=options)

driver.get("https://gmail.com/")
time.sleep(10)

driver.quit()

额外提示 #

• 确保ChromeDriver与Chrome的主版本号严格一致，避免小版本差异导致的兼容问题
• 运行脚本时不要同时打开本地Chrome浏览器，否则会触发配置文件占用冲突
• 也可以尝试升级undetected_chromedriver到最新版本，部分版本会自动适配并下载对应ChromeDriver

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者harveyspecter