如何解决Surefire测试跳过与JaCoCo缺失执行数据文件报错问题

我想要生成JaCoCo测试覆盖率报告，但执行mvn test命令时，Maven直接跳过了测试环节，导致报告无法生成。控制台输出如下：

--- jacoco-maven-plugin:0.8.8:prepare-agent (prepare-agent) @ xx ---
[INFO] argLine set to -javaagent:C:\xxx\xx\.m2\repository\org\jacoco\org.jacoco.agent\0.8.8\org.jacoco.agent-0.8.8-runtime.jar=destfile=C:\xx\xx\git\xx-xx\target\jacoco.exec
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ xx ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 16 resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ xx ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 33 source files to C:\xx\xx\git\xx-xx\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ xx ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 6 resources
[INFO] Copying 20 resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ xx ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 16 source files to C:\xx\xx\git\xx-xx\target\test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:3.0.0-M5:test (default-test) @ xx ---
[INFO] Tests are skipped.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- jacoco-maven-plugin:0.8.8:report (report) @ xx ---
[INFO] Skipping JaCoCo execution due to missing execution data file.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  11.570 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2023-08-22T15:42:57+02:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process finished with exit code 0

我已经多次调整pom.xml的配置（相关片段如下，部分尝试过的配置已注释），但问题仍未解决，StackOverflow上的多数方案也试过了，都没用。

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.2</version>
</plugin>
<!--<plugin>
    <groupId>org.sonarsource.scanner.maven</groupId>
    <artifactId>sonar-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.7.0.1746</version>
</plugin>-->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <!--<version>3.0.0-M5</version>-->
    <version>3.0.0-M5</version>
    <configuration>
        <skipTests>false</skipTests>
        <includes>
            <include>/**/*Test</include>
           <!-- <include> **/*test/java/*</include> -->
        </includes>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>default-test</id>
            <configuration>
                <skip>false</skip>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <!--<configuration>
       <testFailureIgnore>false</testFailureIgnore>
        <argLine>-Xmx1024M ${argLine}</argLine>
        <forkedProcessExitTimeoutInSeconds>240</forkedProcessExitTimeoutInSeconds>
    </configuration>-->
</plugin>
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
    <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>0.8.8</version>
<!--        <configuration>
            <excludes>
                <exclude>**/*test/java/*</exclude>
                <exclude>**/*test/resources/*</exclude>
            </excludes>
        </configuration>-->
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>prepare-agent</id>
            <goals>
                <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
        <execution>
            <id>report</id>
            <!-- <phase>prepare-package</phase>-->
             <goals>
                 <goal>report</goal>
             </goals>
            <phase>test</phase>
        </execution>
        <!-- <execution>
             <id>default-check</id>
             <goals>
                 <goal>check</goal>
             </goals>
             <configuration>
                 <rules>
                     <rule>
                         <element>BUNDLE</element>
                         <limits>
                             <limit>
                                 <counter>COMPLEXITY</counter>
                                 <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
                                 <minimum>0.60</minimum>
                             </limit>
                         </limits>
                     </rule>
                 </rules>
             </configuration>
        </execution>-->
    </executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
<testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>

按优先级尝试以下步骤：

• 修正Surefire测试类匹配规则
  当前配置的<include>/**/*Test</include>格式错误，Maven路径匹配需遵循Ant风格，正确写法为：

  <includes>
      <include>**/*Test.java</include>
  </includes>
  

  需添加.java后缀，且路径开头无需斜杠，**代表任意层级目录。

• 强制关闭跳过测试
  执行命令时显式覆盖可能存在的全局或隐式配置：

  mvn test -DskipTests=false -Dmaven.test.skip=false
  

  同时检查项目或用户Maven配置目录下的settings.xml，确保没有全局设置skipTests为true。

• 清理缓存后重新构建
  执行mvn clean test，先清理target目录，避免旧编译文件干扰测试执行。

• 简化Surefire插件配置
  移除冗余的executions块，简化为：

  <plugin>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.0-M5</version>
      <configuration>
          <skipTests>false</skipTests>
          <includes>
              <include>**/*Test.java</include>
          </includes>
      </configuration>
  </plugin>
  

• 检查测试类规范
  确保测试类放在src/test/java目录下，类名以Test结尾，且测试方法使用@Test注解标记。

• 调整JaCoCo报告阶段
  将JaCoCo的report阶段绑定到prepare-package，确保测试完成后再生成报告：

  <execution>
      <id>report</id>
      <phase>prepare-package</phase>
      <goals>
          <goal>report</goal>
      </goals>
  </execution>
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jeet