Fedora 38（Wayland）环境下Pynput无法运行的问题求助

问题场景 #

在Fedora Linux 38（GNOME 44.3，Wayland）环境下运行以下Pynput测试脚本时，出现X连接授权失败错误：

from pynput import keyboard


def on_key_press(key):
    try:
        print(f'Key pressed: {key.char}')
    except AttributeError:
        print(f'Special key pressed: {key}')


def on_key_release(key):
    pass


with keyboard.Listener(on_press=on_key_press, on_release=on_key_release) as listener:
    listener.join()

错误信息 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/voldemort/projects/pynput_tutorial/main.py", line 1, in <module>
    from pynput import keyboard
  File "/home/voldemort/projects/pynput_tutorial/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pynput/__init__.py", line 40, in <module>
    from . import keyboard
  File "/home/voldemort/projects/pynput_tutorial/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pynput/keyboard/__init__.py", line 31, in <module>
    backend = backend(__name__)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/voldemort/projects/pynput_tutorial/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pynput/_util/__init__.py", line 76, in backend
    raise ImportError('this platform is not supported: {}'.format(
ImportError: this platform is not supported: ('failed to acquire X connection: Can\'t connect to display ":0": b\'Authorization required, but no authorization protocol specified\\n\'', DisplayConnectionError(':0', b'Authorization required, but no authorization protocol specified\n'))

Try one of the following resolutions:

 * Please make sure that you have an X server running, and that the DISPLAY environment variable is set correctly

解决方法 #

错误根源是Pynput默认依赖X11后端，而当前使用Wayland会话，可通过以下三种方式解决：

方法1：临时切换到Xorg会话 #

• 登录GNOME时，点击用户名旁的齿轮图标，选择「GNOME on Xorg」登录，之后直接运行脚本即可正常工作。

方法2：为Wayland配置X授权（无需切换会话） #

1. 获取当前用户的X授权信息：

   xauth list $DISPLAY
   

   输出示例：localhost:10 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 abcdef1234567890
2. 将授权信息添加到当前终端环境：

   xauth add <上述输出的完整内容>
   

   示例：xauth add localhost:10 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 abcdef1234567890
3. 确认DISPLAY变量设置：

   echo $DISPLAY
   

   若输出为空，手动设置：

   export DISPLAY=:0
   

4. 再次运行Python脚本即可。

方法3：使用Wayland后端（需Pynput版本支持） #

部分新版本Pynput已添加Wayland支持，先升级Pynput：

pip install --upgrade pynput

升级后若仍报错，手动指定Wayland后端：

import os
os.environ['PYNPUT_BACKEND'] = 'wayland'
from pynput import keyboard

# 后续脚本代码保持不变
def on_key_press(key):
    try:
        print(f'Key pressed: {key.char}')
    except AttributeError:
        print(f'Special key pressed: {key}')

def on_key_release(key):
    pass

with keyboard.Listener(on_press=on_key_press, on_release=on_key_release) as listener:
    listener.join()

注意：Wayland后端功能可能不如X11完善，部分按键监听场景可能受限。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BasicLucifer