使用Cordova构建Bundle时无法解析com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2

错误信息 #

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred configuring root project 'project name'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':classpath'.
   > Could not resolve com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2.
     Required by:
         project :
      > No matching variant of com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 was found. The consumer was configured to find a runtime of a library compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally, as well as attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '7.6' but:
          - Variant 'apiElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares an API of a component compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a runtime of a component compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.6')
          - Variant 'javadocElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.6')
          - Variant 'runtimeElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 declares a runtime of a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.6')
          - Variant 'sourcesElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.6')

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
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* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 8.0.

You can use '--warning-mode all' to show the individual deprecation warnings and determine if they come from your own scripts or plugins.

See https://docs.gradle.org/7.6/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD FAILED in 10s
Command failed with exit code 1: D:\project_name\platforms\android\gradlew -b D:\project_name\platforms\android\build.gradle :app:bundleRelease

当前环境信息 #

• Gradle版本: Gradle 8.3，Kotlin 1.9.0，Groovy 3.0.17，Ant 1.10.13，JVM 1.8.0_301
• Java版本: java version "20.0.2" 2023-07-18

问题根源 #

1. Android Gradle插件（AGP）与Gradle版本不匹配: AGP 7.4.2要求Gradle版本范围为7.5-7.6，但当前使用的是Gradle 8.3，版本跨度超出兼容范围。
2. Java版本冲突: AGP 7.4.2要求运行环境为Java 11，但当前环境同时存在Java 8（JVM）和Java 20，版本不兼容导致依赖解析失败。

解决方案 #

1. 统一Java版本为Java 11 #

• 卸载系统中已安装的Java 20，安装Java 11（OpenJDK或Oracle JDK均可）。
• 配置系统环境变量：
  • 设置JAVA_HOME指向Java 11的安装目录。
  • 将Java 11的bin目录添加到PATH环境变量最前端，确保优先调用。
• 验证版本：打开命令提示符，执行java -version和javac -version，确认输出为Java 11。

2. 调整AGP与Gradle版本匹配 #

修改Cordova Android平台的配置文件：

• 打开platforms/android/build.gradle文件，找到dependencies块中的AGP依赖，将版本改为与Gradle 8.3兼容的版本（推荐AGP 8.1.x，如8.1.4）：

  dependencies {
      classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.1.4'
      // 其他依赖...
  }
  

• 打开platforms/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties文件，确认distributionUrl指向Gradle 8.3（与AGP 8.1.x兼容）：

  distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.3-all.zip
  

3. 清理Cordova构建缓存 #

执行以下命令清理旧平台和缓存：

cordova platform remove android
cordova platform add android
cordova clean

4. 重新构建Android Bundle #

执行构建命令：

cordova build android --release --bundle

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Kirti Umrigar