STM32G474RET6中HAL_GetTick始终返回0的问题求助

我在STM32G474RET6开发板上编写状态机程序，预期状态会在5秒后从0切换至1，状态切换功能正常，但使用HAL_GetTick()测试时长时发现它始终返回0。现有相关问题的解决方案均不适用，已搭建可复现问题的项目（引脚配置见配图：），以下是main.c代码：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim2;

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint8_t state = 0;
uint32_t timeStampsState0[3];
uint32_t debugVariable;
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
void checkIfStateMachineReachedStateOnTime(void);
/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  TIM2->SR &= ~(0x1UL);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    if(debugVariable != HAL_GetTick){
        debugVariable = HAL_GetTick();
    }
    if ((TIM2->SR & 0x1UL)!= 0x0UL){
        state = 1;
        TIM2->SR &= ~(0x1UL);
        timeStampsState0[1] = HAL_GetTick();
        timeStampsState0[2] = timeStampsState0[1] - timeStampsState0[0];
        checkIfStateMachineReachedStateOnTime();
    }
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
  * @brief TIM2 Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 0 */

  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
  TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 1 */
  htim2.Instance = TIM2;
  htim2.Init.Prescaler = 15999;
  htim2.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim2.Init.Period = 4999;
  htim2.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim2.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim2, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
  sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
  sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
  sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim2, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 2 */
  HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim2);

}

/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void checkIfStateMachineReachedStateOnTime(){
    float tolerance = 0.01; // 1%
    int deviation;

    if(timeStampsState0[3] < 5000){
        deviation = 5000 - timeStampsState0[3];
    }
    else{
        deviation = timeStampsState0[3] - 5000;
    }
    if(deviation > (tolerance*5000)){
        Error_Handler();
    }
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();

  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d
", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

通过printf查看debugVariable，发现它始终保持为0。

问题分析与修复方案 #

1. 核心函数调用错误 #

代码中while循环里的HAL_GetTick没有加括号，这是在比较变量和函数指针地址，而非调用函数获取当前tick值。正确写法应为：

if(debugVariable != HAL_GetTick()){
    debugVariable = HAL_GetTick();
}

2. 数组越界访问 #

timeStampsState0是长度为3的数组（索引0、1、2），但checkIfStateMachineReachedStateOnTime()中访问了timeStampsState0[3]，属于越界操作，会导致未定义行为。需修改数组长度为4，或调整为正确索引：

// 方案1：修改数组长度
uint32_t timeStampsState0[4];

// 方案2：修正函数内的索引
void checkIfStateMachineReachedStateOnTime(){
    float tolerance = 0.01; // 1%
    int deviation;
    // 使用存储时间差的索引2
    if(timeStampsState0[2] < 5000){
        deviation = 5000 - timeStampsState0[2];
    }
    else{
        deviation = timeStampsState0[2] - 5000;
    }
    if(deviation > (tolerance*5000)){
        Error_Handler();
    }
}

3. 初始化缺失问题 #

• 未给timeStampsState0[0]赋值初始tick值，导致时间差计算错误，需在USER CODE BEGIN 2中添加：

  timeStampsState0[0] = HAL_GetTick();
  

• 未启动TIM2定时器，需添加启动代码：

  HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
  

4. SysTick运行验证 #

若修复后仍存在问题，可验证SysTick是否正常启动：

// 在HAL_Init()后添加
if(!(SysTick->CTRL & SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk)){
    Error_Handler();
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者codingCode