所有conda命令执行失败，甚至无法删除conda的问题求助

在M1芯片的Mac上，Anaconda安装在/Applications/anaconda3目录时，执行任何conda命令（如conda update、conda install）都会返回依赖缺失错误，且无法安装anaconda-clean包，错误信息如下：

ImportError: dlopen(/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/_cffi_backend.cpython-38-darwin.so, 0x0002): Library not loaded: @rpath/libffi.7.dylib
  Referenced from: <72A9D87B-A79B-31EA-9993-E99A1361DE6E> /Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/_cffi_backend.cpython-38-darwin.so
  Reason: tried: '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/../../libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/../../libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/bin/../lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/Applications/anaconda3/bin/../lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/local/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/lib/libffi.7.dylib' (no such file, not in dyld cache)
thread '<unnamed>' panicked at 'Python API call failed', /var/folders/sy/f16zz6x50xz3113nwtb9bvq00000gp/T/abs_e2pplk40z3/croot/cryptography_1689373680118/_build_env/.cargo.Darwin/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/pyo3-0.18.3/src/err/mod.rs:790:5
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace

# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1114, in __call__
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 86, in main_subshell
        exit_code = do_call(args, p)
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 88, in do_call
        module = import_module(relative_mod, __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0])
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
        return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 783, in exec_module
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/conda/cli/main_update.py", line 8, in <module>
        from .install import install
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/conda/cli/install.py", line 18, in <module>
        from ..core.index import calculate_channel_urls, get_index
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/conda/core/index.py", line 15, in <module>
        from .subdir_data import SubdirData, make_feature_record
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/conda/core/subdir_data.py", line 53, in <module>
        from conda_content_trust.common import (
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/conda_content_trust/common.py", line 63, in <module>
        import cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519 as ed25519
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed25519.py", line 9, in <module>
        from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm, _Reasons
      File "/Applications/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cryptography/exceptions.py", line 9, in <module>
        from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import exceptions as rust_exceptions
    pyo3_runtime.PanicException: Python API call failed

解决方案 #

• 方法1：创建libffi版本软链接

  1. 检查Anaconda lib目录中的libffi文件：

     ls /Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi*.dylib
     

     通常会存在libffi.8.dylib，但缺少错误中要求的libffi.7.dylib
  2. 创建软链接映射：

     sudo ln -s /Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.8.dylib /Applications/anaconda3/lib/libffi.7.dylib
     

     输入管理员密码执行后，重新尝试运行conda命令验证修复效果

• 方法2：强制重装cryptography包
  若方法1无效，直接用Anaconda自带的pip修复出错的cryptography依赖：

  /Applications/anaconda3/bin/pip install --force-reinstall cryptography
  

• 方法3：完全重装Anaconda
  前两种方法失效时，手动清理现有安装后重新部署：

  1. 删除Anaconda主目录：

     sudo rm -rf /Applications/anaconda3
     

  2. 删除用户配置文件：

     rm -rf ~/.conda ~/.condarc ~/.anaconda_backup
     

  3. 下载Apple Silicon专属版本的Anaconda安装包，重新安装（安装路径可选主目录或/Applications）

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ezcake