VS2022迁移COM项目时atlbase.h报错：'GetThreadLocale'标识符未找到

问题场景 #

从讲解COM单线程单元的文章中提取SimpleCOMObject2文件夹内的代码，在VS2022中新建项目并添加所有源文件后，编译出现以下错误：

1>C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\atlmfc\include\atlbase.h(3462,15): error C3861: 'GetThreadLocale': identifier not found
1>C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\atlmfc\include\atlbase.h(3462,30): message : 'GetThreadLocale': function declaration must be available as none of the arguments depend on a template parameter
1>C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.36.32532\atlmfc\include\atlbase.h(3496,2): message : see reference to class template instantiation 'ATL::CAtlDllModuleT<T>' being compiled

相关代码文件 #

stdafx.h #

// stdafx.h : include file for standard system include files,
//      or project specific include files that are used frequently,
//      but are changed infrequently

#if !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__E44A71C1_F36D_4C5D_8FA0_7FCCA7BD0E95__INCLUDED_)
#define AFX_STDAFX_H__E44A71C1_F36D_4C5D_8FA0_7FCCA7BD0E95__INCLUDED_

#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

#define STRICT
#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400
#endif
#define _ATL_APARTMENT_THREADED

#include <Windows.h>
#include <winnls.h>
#include <atlbase.h>
//You may derive a class from CComModule and use it if you want to override
//something, but do not change the name of _Module
extern CComModule _Module;
#include <atlcom.h>

//{{AFX_INSERT_LOCATION}}
// Microsoft Visual C++ will insert additional declarations immediately before the previous line.

#endif // !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__E44A71C1_F36D_4C5D_8FA0_7FCCA7BD0E95__INCLUDED)

stdafx.cpp #

#include "stdafx.h"

#ifdef _ATL_STATIC_REGISTRY
#include <statreg.h>
#include <statreg.cpp>
#endif

SimpleCOMObject2.cpp #

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <initguid.h>
#include "SimpleCOMObject2.h"

#include "SimpleCOMObject2_impl.h"

CComModule _Module;

...

STDAPI DllCanUnloadNow(void)
{
    return (_Module.GetLockCount() == 0) ? S_OK : S_FALSE;
}

...

解决方法 #

1. 提升Windows版本宏定义：将_WIN32_WINNT的定义从0x0400（Windows NT 4.0）改为更高版本，比如0x0500（Windows 2000）或0x0600（Windows Vista），VS2022配套的SDK对旧版本Windows兼容性有限，更高的版本宏会解锁必要的API声明：

   #ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
   #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
   #endif
   

2. 确认头文件包含顺序：确保<Windows.h>或<winnls.h>在<atlbase.h>之前包含，保证GetThreadLocale的声明能在ATL代码引用前被正确加载。

3. 检查项目设置：在VS2022项目属性的「常规」选项卡中，将「Windows SDK版本」设置为当前安装的最新版本（例如10.0.22621.0），避免SDK版本过低导致API缺失。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者rsp