Spring Boot 2.7.15连接MongoDB数据源配置失败求助

问题场景 #

使用Spring Boot 2.7.15 + JDK 17开发，pom.xml中同时引入Spring Data JPA和MongoDB依赖，启动项目时出现错误：

Failed to configure a DataSource: 'url' attribute is not specified and no embedded datasource could be configured for MongoDb

已配置application.yml（也尝试过application.properties）的MongoDB连接信息，核对过用户名、密码、主机、端口及数据库有效性，尝试过多种URI格式、重启IDE等方法，问题仍未解决。

根本原因 #

引入spring-boot-starter-data-jpa后，Spring Boot的自动配置机制会自动触发JPA的数据源配置逻辑，但项目中仅配置了MongoDB的连接信息，未提供JPA所需的关系型数据库（如MySQL、PostgreSQL等）数据源配置，导致框架无法创建JPA对应的数据源Bean，从而抛出错误。

解决方案 #

方案1：仅使用MongoDB，移除JPA依赖 #

如果服务不需要JDBC/JPA，直接删除pom.xml中的JPA依赖：

<!-- 删除该依赖 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

修改后，Spring Boot只会加载MongoDB的自动配置，不会触发JPA的数据源配置流程。

方案2：同时使用JPA和MongoDB，禁用JPA自动数据源配置 #

若确实需要同时使用两种数据库，需在启动类上排除JPA相关的自动配置类，避免框架自动创建JPA数据源：

package com.lcwd.rating;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {
    DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class,
    HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class
})
public class RatingServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
       SpringApplication.run(RatingServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

}

同时可优化MongoDB的URI配置，将数据库名直接写入URI（更规范）：

spring:
  data:
    mongodb:
      uri: mongodb://userAdmin:admin@localhost:27017/microservices?authMechanism=DEFAULT

server:
  port: 8083

相关配置与日志信息 #

错误日志 #

.   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \\ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \\ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::               (v2.7.15)

2023-08-25 09:00:35.880  INFO 10812 --- [           main] c.lcwd.rating.RatingServiceApplication   : Starting RatingServiceApplication using Java 17.0.8 on pushpendra-ThinkPad-T460 with PID 10812 (/home/pushpendra/Documents/Workspace/Intellij/Microservice/RatingService/target/classes started by pushpendra in /home/pushpendra/Documents/Workspace/Intellij/Microservice/UserService)
2023-08-25 09:00:35.886  INFO 10812 --- [           main] c.lcwd.rating.RatingServiceApplication   : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2023-08-25 09:00:37.529  INFO 10812 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Multiple Spring Data modules found, entering strict repository configuration mode
2023-08-25 09:00:37.532  INFO 10812 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2023-08-25 09:00:37.559  INFO 10812 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 11 ms. Found 0 JPA repository interfaces.
2023-08-25 09:00:37.644  INFO 10812 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Multiple Spring Data modules found, entering strict repository configuration mode
2023-08-25 09:00:37.644  INFO 10812 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data MongoDB repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2023-08-25 09:00:37.646  INFO 10812 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 1 ms. Found 0 MongoDB repository interfaces.
2023-08-25 09:00:38.671  INFO 10812 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8083 (http)
2023-08-25 09:00:38.687  INFO 10812 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2023-08-25 09:00:38.688  INFO 10812 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.79]
2023-08-25 09:00:38.841  INFO 10812 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2023-08-25 09:00:38.842  INFO 10812 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2835 ms
2023-08-25 09:00:38.964  WARN 10812 --- [           main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSourceScriptDatabaseInitializer' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/sql/init/DataSourceInitializationConfiguration.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'dataSourceScriptDatabaseInitializer' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/jdbc/DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class
2023-08-25 09:00:38.974  INFO 10812 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Stopping service [Tomcat]
2023-08-25 09:00:38.997  INFO 10812 --- [           main] ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener : 

Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2023-08-25 09:00:39.020 ERROR 10812 --- [           main] o.s.b.d.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter   : 

***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

Failed to configure a DataSource: 'url' attribute is not specified and no embedded datasource could be configured.

Reason: Failed to determine a suitable driver class


Action:

Consider the following:
    If you want an embedded database (H2, HSQL or Derby), please put it on the classpath.
    If you have database settings to be loaded from a particular profile you may need to activate it (no profiles are currently active).


Process finished with exit code 1

原始pom.xml配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
       <version>2.7.15</version>
       <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.lcwd.rating</groupId>
    <artifactId>RatingService</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>RatingService</name>
    <description>This is Rating Service</description>
    <properties>
       <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
       <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
       </dependency>

       <dependency>
          <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
          <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
          <optional>true</optional>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
          <scope>test</scope>
       </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
       <plugins>
          <plugin>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
             <configuration>
                <excludes>
                   <exclude>
                      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                   </exclude>
                </excludes>
             </configuration>
          </plugin>
       </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

原始application.yml配置 #

spring:
  data:
    mongodb:
      uri: mongodb://userAdmin:admin@localhost:27017/?authMechanism=DEFAULT
      database: microservices

server:
  port: 8083

原始启动类代码 #

package com.lcwd.rating;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RatingServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
       SpringApplication.run(RatingServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pushpendra Kushvaha