Jenkins执行Robot测试时FirefoxDriver端口7055连接失败求助

问题重现 #

在Jenkins持续集成环境运行Robot测试用例时，构建后抛出以下错误：

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Failed to connect to binary FirefoxBinary(/bin/firefox) on port 7055; process output follows: 
code.com":{"d":"/tmp/anonymous22248968795791837webdriver-profile/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com","e":false,"v":"2.43.1","st":1692883457000,"mt":1692883457000}},"app-system-defaults":{"firefox@getpocket.com":{"d":"/opt/firefox/browser/features/firefox@getpocket.com.xpi","e":true,"v":"1.0.5","st":1692880913000},"e10srollout@mozilla.org":{"d":"/opt/firefox/browser/features/e10srollout@mozilla.org.xpi","e":true,"v":"1.9","st":1692880913000},"webcompat@mozilla.org":{"d":"/opt/firefox/browser/features/webcompat@mozilla.org.xpi","e":true,"v":"1.0","st":1692880913000},"aushelper@mozilla.org":{"d":"/opt/firefox/browser/features/aushelper@mozilla.org.xpi","e":true,"v":"2.0","st":1692880913000}},"app-global":{"{972ce4c6-7e08-4474-a285-3208198ce6fd}":{"d":"/opt/firefox/browser/extensions/{972ce4c6-7e08-4474-a285-3208198ce6fd}.xpi","e":true,"v":"52.0","st":1692880913000}}}
1692883459521   addons.xpi  DEBUG   No changes found
1692883459531   addons.xpi  DEBUG   Registering manifest for /opt/firefox/browser/features/aushelper@mozilla.org.xpi
1692883459532   addons.xpi  DEBUG   Loading bootstrap scope from /opt/firefox/browser/features/aushelper@mozilla.org.xpi
1692883459538   addons.xpi  DEBUG   Calling bootstrap method startup on aushelpe...
    [ Message content over the limit has been removed. ]
...9827 addons.xpi-utils    DEBUG   Finished async read of XPI database, parsing...
1692883459830   addons.xpi-utils    DEBUG   Successfully read XPI database
1692883459845   addons.manager  DEBUG   Starting provider: <unnamed-provider>
1692883459845   addons.manager  DEBUG   Registering shutdown blocker for <unnamed-provider>
1692883459845   addons.manager  DEBUG   Provider finished startup: <unnamed-provider>
*** Blocklist::_loadBlocklistFromFile: blocklist is disabled
1692883459965   addons.manager  DEBUG   Starting provider: PreviousExperimentProvider
1692883459965   addons.manager  DEBUG   Registering shutdown blocker for PreviousExperimentProvider
1692883459966   addons.manager  DEBUG   Provider finished startup: PreviousExperimentProvider

已确认浏览器与WebDriver版本匹配，但问题仍存在。

解决方案 #

• 配置虚拟显示环境：Jenkins无桌面环境下Firefox无法启动图形界面，安装xvfb后，在构建步骤中执行Xvfb :99 -ac，或通过Jenkins的Xvfb插件配置虚拟显示。
• 指定正确的Firefox二进制路径：检查/bin/firefox是否为实际执行文件，若路径错误，在Robot脚本中指定正确路径：

  Open Browser    ${URL}    Firefox    executable_path=/opt/firefox/firefox
  

• 清理临时WebDriver Profile：构建后执行命令删除临时profile目录，避免残留文件干扰：rm -rf /tmp/anonymous*webdriver-profile。
• 禁用Firefox自动更新：修改Firefox配置about:config，设置app.update.enabled为false，或启动时添加参数--disable-update。
• 检查端口占用：在Jenkins节点执行lsof -i :7055查看端口是否被占用，若被占用则杀死对应进程，或在WebDriver配置中指定其他空闲端口。
• 启用无头模式：无需图形界面，在Robot脚本中添加无头启动参数：

  ${firefox_options}=    Evaluate    selenium.webdriver.FirefoxOptions()    selenium.webdriver
  Call Method    ${firefox_options}    add_argument    --headless
  Open Browser    ${URL}    Firefox    options=${firefox_options}
  

• 验证兼容性细节：部分旧版Firefox需配合特定启动参数，例如添加--marionette-port指定端口，或设置marionette.enabled为true。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Shivaram Kakarla