Android 12/13下无法获取已连接WiFi的SSID问题求助

问题根源 #

Android 12（API 31）及以上版本对WiFi信息的获取做了更严格的权限和状态限制：

• 缺少Android 12新增的NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES权限
• 设备定位服务未开启，或未授予应用ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION权限
• 未在回调中过滤非WiFi类型的网络

解决步骤 #

1. 补充Manifest权限

在现有权限基础上添加NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
<!-- Android 12+ 新增WiFi权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES" android:minSdkVersion="31" />

2. 动态申请必要权限

针对Android 12+设备，动态申请NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES和ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION权限：

private static final int REQUEST_WIFI_PERMISSIONS = 1001;

public void requestWifiPermissions(Activity activity) {
    List<String> permissions = new ArrayList<>();
    permissions.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
        permissions.add(Manifest.permission.NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES);
    }
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, permissions.toArray(new String[0]), REQUEST_WIFI_PERMISSIONS);
}

3. 修改NetworkCallback代码

增加WiFi类型判断、权限和定位状态检查：

public void registerNetworkCallback() {
    ConnectivityManager connectivityManager =
            (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);

    connectivityManager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(
            new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull Network network, @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
                    super.onCapabilitiesChanged(network, networkCapabilities);
                    
                    // 仅处理WiFi网络
                    if (!networkCapabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
                        return;
                    }

                    // 检查定位权限与服务状态
                    boolean hasFineLocation = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context,
                            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                    LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
                    boolean isLocationEnabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)
                            || locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);

                    if (!hasFineLocation || !isLocationEnabled) {
                        Log.w("WifiActivityTest", "请开启定位服务并授予精确位置权限");
                        return;
                    }

                    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
                        WifiInfo wifiInfo = (WifiInfo) networkCapabilities.getTransportInfo();
                        if (wifiInfo != null) {
                            Log.i("WifiActivityTest", "SSID: " + wifiInfo.getSSID().replace("\"", ""));
                            Log.i("WifiActivityTest", "BSSID: " + wifiInfo.getBSSID());
                            Log.i("WifiActivityTest", "NetworkId: " + wifiInfo.getNetworkId());
                        }
                    }
                }
            });
}

4. 直接获取已连接WiFi信息的替代方案

如果回调方式仍有问题，可通过WifiManager直接获取：

public String getConnectedWifiDetails() {
    WifiManager wifiManager = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
    
    // 权限与状态检查
    boolean hasFineLocation = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
    LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
    boolean isLocationEnabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)
            || locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
    boolean hasNearbyWifi = true;
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
        hasNearbyWifi = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context,
                Manifest.permission.NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
    }

    if (!hasFineLocation || !isLocationEnabled || !hasNearbyWifi) {
        return "<unknown ssid>";
    }

    WifiInfo wifiInfo = wifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
    if (wifiInfo != null && wifiInfo.getNetworkId() != -1) {
        return String.format("SSID: %s, BSSID: %s, NetworkId: %d",
                wifiInfo.getSSID().replace("\"", ""),
                wifiInfo.getBSSID(),
                wifiInfo.getNetworkId());
    }
    return "<unknown ssid>";
}

关键注意点 #

• 定位服务必须开启：即使授予位置权限，定位服务关闭时Android 12+会隐藏WiFi SSID
• NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES是Android 12+的强制权限，用于访问WiFi设备详情
• 动态权限申请不可省略，仅Manifest声明无法获得权限

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vijayadhas Chandrasekaran