更新Flutter、Dart、Java及Android Studio后App构建失败求助

问题描述 #

此前我的Flutter项目运行完全正常，但在将Flutter、Dart、Java及Android Studio全部更新至最新版本后，构建操作现在失败了。构建过程中的输出信息如下：

Launching lib\main.dart on sdk gphone64 x86 64 in debug mode...
Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'...
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
Warning: unexpected element (uri:"", local:"extension-level"). Expected elements are <{}codename>,<{}layoutlib>,<{}api-level>
Warning: unexpected element (uri:"", local:"base-extension"). Expected elements are <{}codename>,<{}layoutlib>,<{}api-level>

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:processDebugMainManifest'.
> Unable to make field private final java.lang.String java.io.File.path accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.io" to unnamed module @7353d2ea

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 24s
Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1

核心原因 #

更新到高版本Java（如Java 17）后，旧版Gradle无法适配Java模块系统的访问权限限制，导致Manifest处理任务失败。那些XML命名空间警告是SDK版本更新后的兼容提示，不影响构建结果。

解决步骤 #

1. 升级项目Gradle版本 #

• 打开项目根目录下的android/build.gradle文件，找到dependencies块中的Gradle插件依赖，将其更新为与当前Android Studio匹配的稳定版本，例如：

  dependencies {
      classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2'
      // 其他依赖...
  }
  

• 打开android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties文件，修改distributionUrl为对应版本的Gradle发行包，例如插件7.4.x对应Gradle 7.5：

  distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5-all.zip
  

2. 配置Java兼容性 #

打开android/app/build.gradle文件，在android代码块中添加Java版本兼容配置：

android {
    // 其他配置...
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    // 如果项目使用Kotlin，添加以下配置
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
}

3. 清理缓存并重新构建 #

执行以下命令清理项目缓存，然后重新构建：

flutter clean
flutter pub get
flutter run

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Paul Coshott