在Bash脚本中用xmllint解析Android单元测试XML，区分成败用例

问题背景 #

我在CircleCI上运行UI单元测试脚本，需要解析Android生成的测试结果XML，将成功测试用例存入一个列表，失败的存入另一个列表，之后遍历两个列表触发API调用，更新对应测试用例的工单（每个测试对应一个工单）。目前Bash脚本已完成部分逻辑，但不知道如何用XPath获取包含failure子标签的testcase的name属性，以及不包含failure子标签的testcase的name属性。

现有脚本片段：

totalTests=$(xmllint --xpath 'count(//testsuite/testcase)' $xml_file)
echo "Total tests = $totalTests"

# 此处需要获取包含failure子标签的testcase的name属性
failures=$(xmllint --xpath '//testsuite/testcase/????' $xml_file) 
echo "failures=$failures"

# 此处需要获取不包含failure子标签的testcase的name属性
successes1=$(xmllint --xpath '//testsuite/testcase/@name' $xml_file)
echo "successes1=$successes1"

IFS="$(printf '\nx')" && IFS="${IFS%x}";

for entry in $successes1
do
    number=`echo $entry | awk -F_ '{print $2}'`
    echo "CASE-$number"
done
...
# 失败用例遍历逻辑
...

测试结果XML示例：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<testsuite name="com.android.OnboardingBottomNavigation" tests="3" failures="1" errors="0" skipped="0" time="27.017" timestamp="2023-08-30T16:37:38" hostname="localhost">
  <properties>
    <property name="device" value="Pixel_4_API_33(AVD) - 13" />
    <property name="flavor" value="" />
    <property name="project" value=":app" />
  </properties>
  <testcase name="CASE_11447_Skip_Onboarding_Click_All_BottomNavs" classname="com.android.OnboardingBottomNavigation" time="5.483">
    <failure>java.lang.AssertionError: Expected value to be true.
at org.junit.Assert.fail(Assert.java:89)
at kotlin.test.junit.JUnitAsserter.fail(JUnitSupport.kt:56)
at kotlin.test.Asserter$DefaultImpls.assertTrue(Assertions.kt:648)
at kotlin.test.junit.JUnitAsserter.assertTrue(JUnitSupport.kt:30)
at kotlin.test.Asserter$DefaultImpls.assertTrue(Assertions.kt:658)
at kotlin.test.junit.JUnitAsserter.assertTrue(JUnitSupport.kt:30)
at kotlin.test.AssertionsKt__AssertionsKt.assertTrue(Assertions.kt:44)
at kotlin.test.AssertionsKt.assertTrue(Unknown Source:1)
at kotlin.test.AssertionsKt__AssertionsKt.assertTrue$default(Assertions.kt:42)
at kotlin.test.AssertionsKt.assertTrue$default(Unknown Source:1)
at com.android.OnboardingBottomNavigation.CASE_11447_Skip_Onboarding_Click_All_BottomNavs(OnboardingBottomNavigation.kt:39)</failure>
  </testcase>
  <testcase name="CASE_11445_Skip_Onboarding_Click_All_BottomNavs" classname="com.android.OnboardingBottomNavigation" time="15.353" />
  <testcase name="CASE_11446_Skip_Onboarding_Click_All_BottomNavs" classname="com.android.OnboardingBottomNavigation" time="2.513" />
</testsuite>

解决方案 #

核心XPath表达式 #

通过XPath的节点筛选语法，直接匹配目标testcase并提取name属性：

1. 获取失败用例的name属性：匹配包含failure子节点的testcase

failures=$(xmllint --xpath '//testsuite/testcase[failure]/@name' "$xml_file")

2. 获取成功用例的name属性：匹配不包含failure子节点的testcase

successes=$(xmllint --xpath '//testsuite/testcase[not(failure)]/@name' "$xml_file")

脚本优化：清理输出格式 #

xmllint输出的属性会带name="xxx"格式，需要用sed清理成纯名称字符串，方便后续提取工单编号：

# 处理失败用例，提取纯name值
failures=$(xmllint --xpath '//testsuite/testcase[failure]/@name' "$xml_file" | sed 's/name="\([^"]*\)"/\1/g')
# 处理成功用例，提取纯name值
successes=$(xmllint --xpath '//testsuite/testcase[not(failure)]/@name' "$xml_file" | sed 's/name="\([^"]*\)"/\1/g')

完整调整后的脚本片段 #

totalTests=$(xmllint --xpath 'count(//testsuite/testcase)' "$xml_file")
echo "Total tests = $totalTests"

# 获取并清理失败用例name
failures=$(xmllint --xpath '//testsuite/testcase[failure]/@name' "$xml_file" | sed 's/name="\([^"]*\)"/\1/g')
echo "失败用例: $failures"

# 获取并清理成功用例name
successes=$(xmllint --xpath '//testsuite/testcase[not(failure)]/@name' "$xml_file" | sed 's/name="\([^"]*\)"/\1/g')
echo "成功用例: $successes"

# 设置换行作为分隔符，避免用例名含空格时出错
IFS=$'\n'

# 遍历成功用例，触发API更新工单
for entry in $successes; do
    number=$(echo "$entry" | awk -F_ '{print $2}')
    echo "更新成功工单 CASE-$number"
    # 此处添加API调用逻辑，示例：
    # curl -X POST "your-api-endpoint?case=CASE-$number&status=success"
done

# 遍历失败用例，触发API更新工单
for entry in $failures; do
    number=$(echo "$entry" | awk -F_ '{print $2}')
    echo "更新失败工单 CASE-$number"
    # 此处添加API调用逻辑，示例：
    # curl -X POST "your-api-endpoint?case=CASE-$number&status=failed"
done

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者JPM