无Maven的Spring动态Web项目依赖注入异常求助

我希望通过Spring MVC将数据存储到数据库，但项目启动时遇到如下上下文初始化异常：

WARNING: Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'homeController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'sci'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'serviceImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'di'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'daoImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'sf'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.hibernate.SessionFactory' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
Aug 29, 2023 9:44:19 AM org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean
SEVERE: Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'homeController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'sci'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'serviceImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'di'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'daoImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'sf'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.hibernate.SessionFactory' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

异常链的根因是Spring容器中不存在org.hibernate.SessionFactory类型的Bean，导致daoImpl中通过@Autowired注入的sf字段无法找到依赖，进而引发层层依赖注入失败。

• 在Spring配置中定义SessionFactory Bean
  若使用XML配置，添加如下配置：

  <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
      <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
      <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.yourpackage.model"/> <!-- 替换为你的实体类所在包 -->
      <property name="hibernateProperties">
          <props>
              <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect</prop> <!-- 对应你的数据库方言 -->
              <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
              <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
          </props>
      </property>
  </bean>
  
  <!-- 数据源配置示例 -->
  <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
      <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
      <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/your_db?useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=UTC"/>
      <property name="username" value="root"/>
      <property name="password" value="your_password"/>
  </bean>
  

  若使用Java配置，编写配置类：

  @Configuration
  @EnableTransactionManagement
  public class HibernateConfig {
  
      @Bean
      public DataSource dataSource() {
          DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
          dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
          dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/your_db?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC");
          dataSource.setUsername("root");
          dataSource.setPassword("your_password");
          return dataSource;
      }
  
      @Bean
      public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory() {
          LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
          sessionFactory.setDataSource(dataSource());
          sessionFactory.setPackagesToScan("com.yourpackage.model");
          sessionFactory.setHibernateProperties(hibernateProperties());
          return sessionFactory;
      }
  
      private Properties hibernateProperties() {
          Properties props = new Properties();
          props.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect");
          props.put("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
          props.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
          return props;
      }
  }
  

• 检查组件扫描范围
  确保Spring的组件扫描配置覆盖了SessionFactory所在的配置类包。比如XML中的<context:component-scan base-package="com.yourpackage.config,com.yourpackage.service,com.yourpackage.dao"/>，或Java配置中的@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.yourpackage"})，要包含所有需要Spring管理的类所在包。

• 验证DaoImpl的注入配置
  检查daoImpl中的SessionFactory字段是否正确使用@Autowired，无拼写错误：

  @Repository
  public class DaoImpl implements Dao {
      @Autowired
      private SessionFactory sf; // 字段名和类型需匹配配置的Bean类型
  
      // 业务方法...
  }
  

• 确认依赖完整性
  检查项目依赖（如Maven的pom.xml）是否包含Spring ORM和Hibernate核心依赖：

  <dependencies>
      <!-- Spring MVC -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>5.3.20</version>
      </dependency>
      <!-- Spring ORM for Hibernate integration -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
          <version>5.3.20</version>
      </dependency>
      <!-- Hibernate Core -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
          <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
          <version>5.6.10.Final</version>
      </dependency>
      <!-- MySQL Driver -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>mysql</groupId>
          <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
          <version>8.0.30</version>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sajed Ibrahim Shaikh