如何在C语言中将用户输入的类别名作为数组名使用？

开发一款词汇学习类游戏，流程是先询问用户想要学习的词汇类别，将类别名存入全局字符数组category，再调用对应类别的词汇数组。现有代码片段如下，需要实现当用户选择Animals这类类别后，在question函数中利用存储的类别名调用对应数组，完成用户输入与词汇的对比判断：

char Animals[10][11] = {"Eagle", "Cat", "Dog", "Rabbit", "Whale", "Snake", "Butterfly", "Dolphin", "Elephant", "Turtle"};

void askCategory() {
  printf("\nAnimals     Nature\n");
  printf("Clothes      Food\n");
  printf(" Fruit       Jobs\n");
  printf("\nWhich category of vocabulary would you like to learn? ");
  scanf("%s", category);
}

void question(){
  char userInput[15] = "";
  printf("\n\n%d.What does this picture represent? ",row + 1);
  scanf("%s", userInput);

  if(strcmp(userInput, ???)==0)
    printf("Correct!\n");
}

核心思路 #

通过类别名-词汇数组映射的方式，把每个类别名称和对应的词汇数组关联起来，这样就能根据category的值直接找到对应的数组，再进行后续的对比操作。

具体实现步骤 #

1. 补充所有类别的词汇数组，保持和Animals一致的二维字符数组格式；
2. 定义结构体存储类别名称和对应词汇数组的指针，建立映射关系；
3. 在question函数中遍历映射结构，匹配category找到对应词汇数组；
4. 结合当前题目索引row，完成用户输入与目标词汇的对比。

完整代码示例 #

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

// 全局变量：存储用户选择的类别
char category[20];
// 当前题目索引（标记当前是第几个词汇）
int row = 0;

// 定义所有类别的词汇数组
char Animals[10][11] = {"Eagle", "Cat", "Dog", "Rabbit", "Whale", "Snake", "Butterfly", "Dolphin", "Elephant", "Turtle"};
char Nature[10][11] = {"Mountain", "River", "Forest", "Cloud", "Rain", "Sun", "Moon", "Star", "Wind", "Snow"};
char Clothes[10][11] = {"Shirt", "Pants", "Shoes", "Hat", "Socks", "Jacket", "Skirt", "Dress", "Scarf", "Gloves"};
char Food[10][11] = {"Apple", "Banana", "Bread", "Milk", "Rice", "Meat", "Fish", "Egg", "Cake", "Juice"};
char Fruit[10][11] = {"Orange", "Grape", "Peach", "Pear", "Watermelon", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango", "Pineapple", "Kiwi"};
char Jobs[10][11] = {"Teacher", "Doctor", "Engineer", "Farmer", "Nurse", "Artist", "Writer", "Chef", "Police", "Firefighter"};

// 类别-词汇数组映射结构体
typedef struct {
    const char* name;
    char (*vocab)[11]; // 指向二维字符数组的指针
    int count; // 该类别词汇总数
} CategoryMap;

// 初始化映射数组
CategoryMap categoryMaps[] = {
    {"Animals", Animals, 10},
    {"Nature", Nature, 10},
    {"Clothes", Clothes, 10},
    {"Food", Food, 10},
    {"Fruit", Fruit, 10},
    {"Jobs", Jobs, 10}
};
// 映射数组长度
int mapCount = sizeof(categoryMaps) / sizeof(CategoryMap);

void askCategory() {
    printf("\nAnimals     Nature\n");
    printf("Clothes      Food\n");
    printf(" Fruit       Jobs\n");
    printf("\nWhich category of vocabulary would you like to learn? ");
    scanf("%s", category);
}

void question(){
    char userInput[15] = "";
    printf("\n\n%d.What does this picture represent? ", row + 1);
    scanf("%s", userInput);

    // 查找当前类别对应的词汇数组
    char (*currentVocab)[11] = NULL;
    for(int i = 0; i < mapCount; i++){
        if(strcmp(category, categoryMaps[i].name) == 0){
            currentVocab = categoryMaps[i].vocab;
            break;
        }
    }

    // 对比用户输入并输出结果
    if(currentVocab != NULL && strcmp(userInput, currentVocab[row]) == 0){
        printf("Correct!\n");
    } else {
        printf("Wrong! The correct answer is: %s\n", currentVocab ? currentVocab[row] : "Unknown category");
    }
}

// 测试主函数
int main(){
    askCategory();
    // 循环出完该类别所有词汇题
    for(row = 0; row < 10; row++){
        question();
    }
    return 0;
}

关键细节说明 #

• 结构体指针：char (*vocab)[11]是指向长度为11的字符数组的指针，完美匹配我们定义的词汇数组类型（每个词汇最多10个字符+1个结束符）；
• 类别匹配：通过遍历categoryMaps数组，用strcmp对比类别名称，快速定位到对应的词汇数组；
• 异常处理：加入currentVocab != NULL的判断，避免用户输入不存在的类别导致程序崩溃。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者luna