无法安装scikit-surprise的报错原因及修复方案

尝试执行pip install scikit-surprise时出现如下报错：

pip install scikit-surprise
Collecting scikit-surprise
  Using cached scikit-surprise-1.1.3.tar.gz (771 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [50 lines of output]
      <string>:65: _DeprecatedInstaller: setuptools.installer and fetch_build_eggs are deprecated.
      !!
      
              ********************************************************************************
              Requirements should be satisfied by a PEP 517 installer.
              If you are using pip, you can try `pip install --use-pep517`.
              ********************************************************************************
      
 
      C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\python.exe: No module named pip
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 101, in _fetch_build_eggs_no_warn
          subprocess.check_call(cmd)
        File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\subprocess.py", line 369, in check_call
          raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
      subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '["C:\\\\Users\\\\hp\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Microsoft\\\\WindowsApps\\\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\\\python.exe", "-m", "pip", "--disable-pip-version-check", "wheel", "--no-deps", "-w", "C:\\\\Users\\\\hp\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\tmp8dw2sisl", "--quiet", "numpy>=1.17.3"]' returned non-zero exit status 1.

      The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python310\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 355, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 325, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 507, in run_setup
          super(_BuildMetaLegacyBackend, self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 341, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 65, in <module>
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 908, in fetch_build_eggs
          return _fetch_build_eggs(self, requires)
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 38, in _fetch_build_eggs
          resolved_dists = pkg_resources.working_set.resolve(
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 829, in resolve
          dist = self._resolve_dist(
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 865, in _resolve_dist
          dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1135, in best_match
          return self.obtain(req, installer)
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1147, in obtain
          return installer(requirement)
        File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-ze6iu_ib\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 103, in _fetch_build_egg_no_warn
          raise DistutilsError(str(e)) from e
      distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Command '["C:\\\\Users\\\\hp\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Microsoft\\\\WindowsApps\\\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\\\python.exe", "-m", "pip", "--disable-pip-version-check", "wheel", "--no-deps", "-w", "C:\\\\Users\\\\hp\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Temp\\\\tmp8dw2sisl", "--quiet", "numpy>=1.17.3"]' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
PS D:\COC\Scabing\Reco project> 

报错原因 #

• 核心问题：当前使用的Windows商店版Python未安装pip，导致安装scikit-surprise时无法自动获取依赖numpy。
• 次要问题：setuptools的旧版安装器已被弃用，系统提示需使用PEP 517标准的安装方式。

修复方案 #

方案1：修复当前Python环境的pip #

1. 打开PowerShell，执行命令重新安装并升级pip：

python -m ensurepip --upgrade

2. 使用PEP 517方式安装scikit-surprise：

pip install scikit-surprise --use-pep517

方案2：改用独立Python版本（推荐） #

Windows商店版Python存在权限和路径兼容性问题，建议下载安装Python官方独立版本（下载时务必勾选"Add Python to PATH"选项），安装完成后直接执行：

pip install scikit-surprise

方案3：预安装依赖后再安装 #

若坚持使用当前环境，先手动安装numpy依赖：

# 确保pip可用
python -m ensurepip --upgrade
# 安装指定版本的numpy
pip install numpy>=1.17.3
# 安装scikit-surprise
pip install scikit-surprise --use-pep517

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者محمد