Ubuntu18交叉编译AArch64时GStreamer -l链接错误求助

错误信息 #

编译时出现如下链接错误：

/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgstreamer-1.0.so when searching for -lgstreamer-1.0
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: cannot find -lgstreamer-1.0
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so when searching for -lgobject-2.0
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.a when searching for -lgobject-2.0
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: cannot find -lgobject-2.0
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so when searching for -lglib-2.0
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.a when searching for -lglib-2.0
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: cannot find -lglib-2.0
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so when searching for -lm
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.a when searching for -lm
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so when searching for -lc
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/7/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a when searching for -lc

已尝试操作与环境信息 #

• 系统：Ubuntu 18
• GStreamer版本：1.14.5
• 已安装pkg-config-aarch64，参考社区相关讨论后仍未解决问题
• 检查发现AArch64架构对应的目录下无GStreamer的.pc文件，推测需安装AArch64版本的GStreamer，但不清楚Ubuntu下的操作步骤
• 仅在使用pkg-config进行AArch64交叉编译时出现该问题

相关配置片段 #

CMake配置片段 #

find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
pkg_check_modules(GSTREAMER REQUIRED gstreamer-1.0)

# Include directories
include_directories(
    ${GLIB_INCLUDE_DIRS}
    ${GSTREAMER_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

#linking GStreamer library directory
link_directories(
        ${GLIB_LIBRARY_DIRS}
        ${GSTREAMER_LIBRARY_DIRS}
)

add_executable(yo_gst tutorial_2.cpp)

target_include_directories(yo_gst PUBLIC ${GSTREAMER_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(yo_gst PUBLIC ${GSTREAMER_LIBRARIES})

交叉编译脚本片段 #

export PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_CROSS=1
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/bin/pkg-config:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

pkg-config查询结果 #

pkg-config --list-all |grep gstreamer
gstreamer-video-1.0            GStreamer Video Library - Video base classes and helper functions
gstreamer-riff-1.0             GStreamer RIFF Library - RIFF helper functions
gstreamer-1.0                  GStreamer - Streaming media framework
gstreamer-net-1.0              GStreamer networking library - Network-enabled GStreamer plug-ins and clocking
gstreamer-pbutils-1.0          GStreamer Base Utils Library - General utility functions
gstreamer-app-1.0              GStreamer Application Library - Helper functions and base classes for application integration
gstreamer-audio-1.0            GStreamer Audio library - Audio helper functions and base classes
gstreamer-tag-1.0              GStreamer Tag Library - Tag base classes and helper functions
gstreamer-plugins-base-1.0     GStreamer Base Plugins Libraries - Streaming media framework, base plugins libraries
gstreamer-allocators-1.0       GStreamer Allocators Library - Allocators implementation
gstreamer-rtsp-1.0             GStreamer RTSP Library - RTSP base classes and helper functions
gstreamer-check-1.0            GStreamer check unit testing - Unit testing helper library for GStreamer modules
gstreamer-base-1.0             GStreamer base classes - Base classes for GStreamer elements
gstreamer-fft-1.0              GStreamer FFT Library - FFT implementation
gstreamer-sdp-1.0              GStreamer SDP Library - SDP helper functions
gstreamer-rtp-1.0              GStreamer RTP Library - RTP base classes and helper functions
gstreamer-controller-1.0       GStreamer controller - Dynamic parameter control for GStreamer elements
gstreamer-gl-1.0               GStreamer OpenGL Plugins Libraries - Streaming media framework, OpenGL plugins libraries

解决方案 #

1. 安装AArch64架构的GStreamer依赖包 #

Ubuntu支持多架构包管理，先开启AArch64架构支持：

sudo dpkg --add-architecture arm64
sudo apt update

然后安装AArch64版本的核心依赖：

sudo apt install libgstreamer1.0-dev:arm64 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev:arm64 libglib2.0-dev:arm64

2. 修正pkg-config交叉编译环境配置 #

原脚本的PKG_CONFIG_PATH配置错误，需指定AArch64架构的.pc文件路径，并使用对应架构的pkg-config工具。修改交叉编译脚本：

export PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_CROSS=1
# 指定AArch64专属的pkg-config工具
export PKG_CONFIG=/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-pkg-config
# 优先查找arm64架构的库配置文件路径
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

3. 配置CMake交叉编译工具链 #

创建toolchain-aarch64.cmake文件，指定交叉编译相关参数：

set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR aarch64)

# 指定交叉编译器
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++)

# 指定AArch64架构的pkg-config工具
set(PKG_CONFIG_EXECUTABLE /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-pkg-config)
set(PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_CROSS ON)

# 设置系统根目录（使用Ubuntu自带的交叉编译根文件系统）
set(CMAKE_SYSROOT /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu)

# 确保CMake只在目标架构路径中查找库和头文件
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)

编译时指定工具链文件：

cmake -S . -B build-aarch64 -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchain-aarch64.cmake
cmake --build build-aarch64

4. 验证配置有效性 #

执行以下命令确认pkg-config能正确识别AArch64架构的GStreamer库：

aarch64-linux-gnu-pkg-config --cflags gstreamer-1.0
aarch64-linux-gnu-pkg-config --libs gstreamer-1.0

若输出正常的编译、链接参数，说明配置正确。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Abdul Rehman