使用Meson构建Pango静态库时依赖项链接失败

尝试将Pango构建为静态库（采用Meson构建系统），编译步骤已完成，但链接阶段出现大量libfontconfig、libpixman-1和libpng的未定义引用错误。这些依赖库均已存在且可通过PKG_CONFIG_PATH找到，此前Cairo（1.17.8版本）的构建已完成。

构建Pango使用的命令：

meson setup --reconfigure --buildtype release --strip --prefix $INSTALL_ROOT/pango --libdir $INSTALL_ROOT/pango/lib --default-library static $BUILD_ROOT\pango $DOWNLOAD_ROOT/pango
meson compile -C $BUILD_ROOT/pango
meson install -C $BUILD_ROOT/pango

错误信息片段：

[361/445] Linking target subprojects/harfbuzz/util/hb-view
FAILED: subprojects/harfbuzz/util/hb-view
g++  -o subprojects/harfbuzz/util/hb-view subprojects/harfbuzz/util/hb-view.p/hb-view.cc.o -L/home/test/Intermediates/ThirdParty/BuildProducts/zlib/lib -I/home/test/Intermediates/ThirdParty/BuildProducts/zlib/include -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,--no-undefined -Wl,-O1 -fPIC -pthread -Wl,--start-group subprojects/harfbuzz/src/libharfbuzz.a /home/test/Intermediates/ThirdParty/BuildProducts/freetype/lib/libfreetype.a /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so /home/test/Intermediates/ThirdParty/BuildProducts/cairo/lib/libcairo.a /home/test/Intermediates/ThirdParty/BuildProducts/glib/lib/libglib-2.0.a -lm /home/test/Intermediates/ThirdParty/BuildProducts/glib/lib/libpcre2-8.a -Wl,--end-group
/bin/ld: /home/test/Intermediates/ThirdParty/BuildProducts/cairo/lib/libcairo.a(cairo-image-compositor.o): in function `lerp':
cairo-image-compositor.c:(.text+0x86): undefined reference to `pixman_image_composite32'
/bin/ld: cairo-image-compositor.c:(.text+0xca): undefined reference to `pixman_image_composite32'
/bin/ld: /home/test/Intermediates/ThirdParty/BuildProducts/cairo/lib/libcairo.a(cairo-image-compositor.o): in function `_mono_finish_unbounded_spans':
...
/bin/ld: /home/test/Intermediates/ThirdParty/BuildProducts/cairo/lib/libcairo.a(cairo-png.o): in function `write_png':
cairo-png.c:(.text+0x304): undefined reference to `png_create_write_struct'
cairo-png.c:(.text+0x31a): undefined reference to `png_create_info_struct'
...

• 检查Cairo静态库的依赖链：静态库不会自动包含依赖的符号，你构建的Cairo静态库依赖pixman-1、libpng、fontconfig等库，需确保Meson在链接时能找到这些依赖。可通过PKG_CONFIG_PATH包含这些依赖的.pc文件目录，或在Meson setup时显式指定路径。
• 显式传递缺失的依赖库：在meson setup命令中添加参数手动指定缺失的库，示例：

  meson setup --reconfigure --buildtype release --strip --prefix $INSTALL_ROOT/pango --libdir $INSTALL_ROOT/pango/lib --default-library static -Dextra_libs="-lpixman-1 -lpng -lfontconfig" $BUILD_ROOT/pango $DOWNLOAD_ROOT/pango
  

• 处理Harfbuzz的依赖传递：错误出在Harfbuzz工具的链接环节，需确保Harfbuzz能正确获取Cairo的全部静态依赖。可在Meson配置中强制Harfbuzz使用静态依赖，保证依赖链完整。
• 验证依赖库的静态版本：确认libfontconfig、libpixman-1、libpng均提供静态库（.a文件），仅动态库无法满足静态链接的符号解析需求。
• 调整链接器参数：链接命令中的--as-needed可能跳过必要的静态库，可尝试移除该参数或调整Meson的链接标志，示例：

  meson setup --reconfigure --buildtype release --strip --prefix $INSTALL_ROOT/pango --libdir $INSTALL_ROOT/pango/lib --default-library static -Db_ldflags="-Wl,--no-as-needed" $BUILD_ROOT/pango $DOWNLOAD_ROOT/pango
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Paavo