使用py2exe打包Python脚本时遭遇lxml相关ImportError问题求助

问题现象 #

打包过程无警告或错误，但运行生成的mdf2mat.exe时出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 259, in load_module
File "", line 15, in
File "", line 13, in __load
ImportError: (cannot import name _elementpath) 'C:\CAD\Workspace\username\dev-env\dist\lxml.etree.pyd'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 259, in load_module
File "", line 15, in
File "", line 11, in __load
...
File "", line 627, in _load_backward_compatible
File "", line 261, in load_module

KeyError: 'lxml.objectify'

执行命令：

mdf2mat.exe C:\CAD\username\usefulScripts\dev-folder\dosingFromCANape.mdf

业务脚本代码 #

import mdfreader
import sys

fileIn = sys.argv[1]
mdfFile = mdfreader.Mdf(fileIn)
mdfFile.export_to_matlab()

原打包配置代码 #

py2exe.freeze(console={"C:\CAD\Workspace\username\dev-env\mdf2mat.py"})

py2exe官方针对lxml的提示 #

if missing _elementhpath, either pull whole lxml library in packages=..., or put "from lxml import _elementhpath as _dummy" somewhere in code; in both cases also pull gzip in packages=...

具体解决步骤 #

方法一：通过打包配置直接指定需要包含的库 #

修改打包代码，补充packages参数，将lxml和gzip明确纳入打包范围（同时修正原代码中console参数的格式错误，应为列表而非字典）：

py2exe.freeze(
    console=["C:\CAD\Workspace\username\dev-env\mdf2mat.py"],
    packages=["lxml", "gzip"]
)

方法二：脚本添加强制导入语句+打包配置补全依赖 #

1. 在业务脚本mdf2mat.py开头添加一行仅用于打包识别的导入代码：

from lxml import _elementpath as _dummy  # 让py2exe识别到该依赖
import mdfreader
import sys

# 后续业务代码不变
fileIn = sys.argv[1]
mdfFile = mdfreader.Mdf(fileIn)
mdfFile.export_to_matlab()

2. 修改打包代码，将gzip加入打包范围：

py2exe.freeze(
    console=["C:\CAD\Workspace\username\dev-env\mdf2mat.py"],
    packages=["gzip"]
)

任选一种方法重新执行打包，生成的exe即可正常运行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ferro Luca