卸载重装Python后遇SSL及编码错误，环境损坏求助

问题背景 #

此前VS Code的Pylance失效，尝试卸载并重装Python（从3.9.12更换为3.10.0）后，Python环境彻底损坏。

错误详情 #

1. 运行discord-webhook脚本时的错误 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "e:\PythonProjects\Projects\DiscordWebhook.py", line 828, in <module>
    webhook.execute()
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\discord_webhook\webhook.py", line 444, in execute
    response = self.api_post_request()
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\discord_webhook\webhook.py", line 397, in api_post_request
    return requests.post(
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 115, in post
    return request("post", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 589, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 703, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 458, in send
    self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 261, in cert_verify
OSError: Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\certifi\cacert.pem

2. 运行pip重装时的错误 #

Python path configuration:
  PYTHONHOME = (not set)
  PYTHONPATH = (not set)
  program name = 'C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\python.exe'
  isolated = 0
  environment = 1
  user site = 1
  import site = 1
  sys._base_executable = 'C:\\Users\\Admin\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\python.exe'
  sys.base_prefix = ''
  sys.base_exec_prefix = ''
  sys.platlibdir = 'lib'
  sys.executable = 'C:\\Users\\Admin\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\python.exe'
  sys.prefix = ''
  sys.exec_prefix = ''
  sys.path = [
    'C:\\Users\\Admin\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\python310.zip',
    'C:\\Users\\Admin\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\Lib\\',
    'C:\\Users\\Admin\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\DLLs\\',
    'C:\\Users\\Admin\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310',
  ]
Fatal Python error: init_fs_encoding: failed to get the Python codec of the filesystem encoding
Python runtime state: core initialized
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'encodings'

Current thread 0x00002fe8 (most recent call first):
  <no Python frame>

已尝试的修复操作 #

• 移除PYTHONHOME和PYTHONPATH系统变量
• 移除Windows用户配置文件中的Python环境变量
• 使用Microsoft_Program_uninstall_reinstall_debugger.exe卸载Python 3.9.12
• 通过控制面板及文件删除所有Python版本
• 执行sfc /scannow
• 首次报错后尝试运行python -m pip uninstall certifi
• 重装VS Code

1. 彻底清理Python所有残留 #

这是解决重装无效的核心步骤，必须确保无残留：

• 结束所有Python进程：打开任务管理器，找到并结束python.exe、pip.exe、pythonw.exe等相关进程
• 删除安装目录：手动删除C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python下的所有文件夹，以及自定义的Python安装路径（如果有）
• 删除用户缓存：删除C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python文件夹
• 清理注册表：
  1. 按Win+R输入regedit打开注册表编辑器
  2. 删除HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Python
  3. 删除HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Python
  4. 64位系统额外删除HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Python
• 清理环境变量：检查用户和系统的PATH变量，移除所有Python相关的路径条目，保存后重启命令提示符

2. 重新安装Python #

• 下载官方稳定版Python安装包（推荐3.10.x或3.11.x）
• 运行安装包时，务必勾选"Add Python to PATH"，选择"Customize installation"
• 可选功能中确保pip、tcl/tk and IDLE、Python test suite全部勾选
• 高级选项里勾选Install for all users，选择不含中文和空格的安装路径（比如C:\Python310）
• 安装完成后，打开新的命令提示符，运行python --version和pip --version验证是否正常

3. 恢复依赖与修复证书问题 #

• 若仍出现certifi相关错误，运行pip install --upgrade certifi重新安装证书包
• 重新安装项目依赖：进入项目目录，运行pip install discord-webhook requests，或通过requirements.txt批量安装

问题说明 #

环境损坏根源是卸载重装时残留的文件和注册表项导致冲突，后续卸载certifi破坏了TLS证书依赖，最终引发核心encodings模块缺失的致命错误——这说明之前的卸载未彻底清理，新安装的Python无法正确加载核心组件。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者turtlesXD