在CMD中安装pandas模块时出现HTTPS连接超时错误求助

问题场景 #

执行python -m pip install pandas安装pandas模块时，多次触发ReadTimeoutError重试警告，最终因超出最大重试次数安装失败。

报错截图 #

命令行报错输出 #

python -m pip install pandas
Collecting pandas
  Obtaining dependency information for pandas from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b7/f8/32d6b5aa4c4bc045fa2c4c58f88c325facc54721956c6313f0afea8ea853/pandas-2.1.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/b7/f8/32d6b5aa4c4bc045fa2c4c58f88c325facc54721956c6313f0afea8ea853/pandas-2.1.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/b7/f8/32d6b5aa4c4bc045fa2c4c58f88c325facc54721956c6313f0afea8ea853/pandas-2.1.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/b7/f8/32d6b5aa4c4bc045fa2c4c58f88c325facc54721956c6313f0afea8ea853/pandas-2.1.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/b7/f8/32d6b5aa4c4bc045fa2c4c58f88c325facc54721956c6313f0afea8ea853/pandas-2.1.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /packages/b7/f8/32d6b5aa4c4bc045fa2c4c58f88c325facc54721956c6313f0afea8ea853/pandas-2.1.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/b7/f8/32d6b5aa4c4bc045fa2c4c58f88c325facc54721956c6313f0afea8ea853/pandas-2.1.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl.metadata (Caused by ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)"))

有效解决方法 #

1. 使用国内PyPI镜像源安装 #

国内镜像源速度更快，避免超时。执行以下命令：

# 临时使用阿里云源安装pandas
python -m pip install pandas -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

# 或使用清华源
python -m pip install pandas -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

如果需要长期使用镜像源，可在用户目录下创建pip\pip.ini（Windows）或~/.pip/pip.conf（Linux/macOS），写入以下内容：

[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

2. 延长pip超时时间 #

通过--default-timeout参数延长连接和读取的超时时间，给下载更多缓冲时间：

python -m pip install pandas --default-timeout=100

3. 手动下载whl文件安装 #

• 找到对应Python版本（如cp311对应Python3.11）和系统架构（win_amd64对应64位Windows）的pandas whl文件下载
• 打开CMD，进入下载文件所在目录，执行安装命令：

python -m pip install pandas-2.1.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl

4. 升级pip到最新版本 #

旧版pip可能存在兼容性问题，先升级pip再尝试安装：

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sepehr Ghadiri