使用JPanel CardLayout切换面板时出现视觉故障求助

系统配置：

• MacBook Air（13英寸，2015年初）
• 2.2 GHz 双核Intel Core i7
• 8 GB 1600 MHz DDR3
• Intel HD Graphics 6000 1536 MB
• MacOS Monterey 12.6.7

尝试创建使用CardLayout的JPanel，点击按钮在菜单和论坛面板间切换，功能上能成功切换，但存在视觉故障：切换到新面板后，上一个面板的元素仍会显示并覆盖新面板元素。被覆盖的新面板元素仍可选中，选中后会切换到前景显示。

注：此代码为大型项目的简化示例，实际UI可能与代码不完全匹配，但整个项目中使用CardLayout时均出现类似故障。

Main类 #

import javax.swing.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setContentPane(new MainPanel());
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

MainPanel类 #

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class MainPanel extends JPanel {
    private final CardLayout layout = new CardLayout();
    private final Menu menuScreen;
    private final Forum forumScreen;
    public static final String MENU = "1";
    public static final String FORUM = "2";

    public MainPanel() {
        setLayout(layout);
        menuScreen = new Menu(this);
        add(menuScreen, MENU);
        forumScreen = new Forum(this);
        add(forumScreen, FORUM);
        layout.show(this, MENU);
    }

    public void navigate (String destination) {
        layout.show(this, destination);
        switch (destination) {
            case MENU -> menuScreen.updateUI();
            case FORUM -> forumScreen.updateUI();
        }
        this.revalidate();
        this.updateUI();
    }
}

Menu类 #

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class Menu extends Screen {

    private final MainPanel panel;

    public Menu(MainPanel panel) {
        this.panel = panel;

        Button deleteButton = new Button("Delete");
        deleteButton.addActionListener(this::delete);
        add(deleteButton);

        Button loadButton = new Button("Load");
        loadButton.addActionListener(this::load);
        add(loadButton);

        Button forumButton = new Button("Forum");
        forumButton.addActionListener(this::toForum);
        add(forumButton);
    }

    private void toForum(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        panel.navigate(MainPanel.FORUM);
    }

    private void load(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
    }

    private void delete(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
    }
}

Forum类 #

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class Forum extends Screen {

    private final MainPanel panel;
    private final JSpinner heightField = new JSpinner(new SpinnerNumberModel(1,1,Integer.MAX_VALUE,1));
    private final JSpinner widthField = new JSpinner(new SpinnerNumberModel(1, 1, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 1));

    public Forum(MainPanel panel) {
        this.panel = panel;

        add(new Label("Forum", Label.CENTER));

        add(new Label("Height"));
        add(heightField);

        add(new Label("Width"));
        add(widthField);

        Button exitButton = new Button("Exit");
        exitButton.addActionListener(this::exit);
        add(exitButton);
    }

    private void exit(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        panel.navigate(MainPanel.MENU);
    }
}

Screen类 #

import javax.swing.*;

public class Screen extends JPanel {
    public Screen() {
        setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(30,30,30,30));
        setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
    }
}

已尝试的修复措施：

• 回退到Java 11版本，问题依旧存在
• 添加加载面板强制UI更新，无论面板是否有元素均无效
• 在代码中调用revalidate()、updateUI()、repaint()等方法尝试刷新面板，无效果

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者FMrts