Selenium：基于标签文本点击动态值单选按钮的方案

我正在处理一个包含20多个单选按钮的网页，需要通过Python脚本点击标签文本为“Certification Exam”的特定单选按钮，但遇到了定位难题。目标按钮的HTML结构如下：

<li class="list-group-item">
    <label>
        <input type="radio" name="student[progress]" value="27162" checked="">
        Certification Exam
    </label>
</li>

该按钮的value属性会随用户选择的地区（州/省）动态变化，比如亚利桑那州对应27162，阿肯色州对应28156。目前只有硬编码value的代码能稳定运行，但仅适用于单个地区：

try:
    certification_exam_radio = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'input[type="radio"][value="27162"]'))
    )
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", certification_exam_radio)
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", certification_exam_radio)
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error while clicking on the 'Certification Exam' radio button: {e}")

我尝试了6种动态定位方法均未成功，其中一种尝试的代码如下：

def click_certification_exam_radio(driver, exam_text="Certification Exam"):
    try:
        certification_exam_radio = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, f"//label[contains(text(), '{exam_text}')]/input[@type='radio']"))
        )
        driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", certification_exam_radio)
        driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", certification_exam_radio)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error while clicking on the 'Certification Exam' radio button: {e}")

# Usage:
click_certification_exam_radio(driver)

注：手动点击标签文本也可触发单选按钮，且目标按钮通常为最后一个。

经过尝试，最终找到基于标签文本定位的通用可行方案，代码如下：

selector = "//input[@type='radio']"

print("Attempting to locate all radio buttons on the page...")

try:
    radio_buttons = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, selector))
    )

    print(f"Found {len(radio_buttons)} radio buttons!")
    
    for idx, radio in enumerate(radio_buttons, start=1):
        label = driver.execute_script("return arguments[0].parentNode.textContent;", radio).strip()
        value = radio.get_attribute("value")
        
        print(f"Radio Button {idx}:")
        print(f"	Value = {value}")
        print(f"	Label = {label}")

        if "Exam" in label and "Practice" not in label:
            print("Found the target radio button. Attempting to click using JavaScript...")
            driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", radio)
            break
    
    save_changes_button = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button.btn.btn-success'))
    )
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", save_changes_button)
    time.sleep(1)
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", save_changes_button)
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error during operation: {e}")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者AtFirstYouTry