升级Xcode 15后动态链接器运行时无法找到符号

我通过cmake从源码编译netcdf-c并安装在/usr/local目录，升级Xcode 15后遇到动态库运行时链接错误。

测试程序 #

#import <netcdf.h>

int main() {
    nc_strerror(0);
}

编译与运行情况 #

使用以下命令编译测试程序：

clang -o test main.c -lnetcdf -L/usr/local/lib

编译过程无报错，但运行时出现以下错误：

% ./test 
dyld[67988]: Symbol not found: _nc_strerror
  Referenced from: <31EE4C15-A028-32F2-8524-123CC396EB82> /Users/***/Desktop/test/test
  Expected in:     <no uuid> unknown
zsh: abort      ./test

符号存在性确认 #

已通过命令确认libnetcdf.dylib中存在目标符号：

% nm libnetcdf.dylib| grep _nc_strerror
0000000000006070 T _nc_strerror

关联的HDF5编译问题 #

猜测该问题可能与HDF5编译时的CMAKE_SKIP_RPATH设置有关，此前编译HDF5时曾遇到szip库的@rpath错误：

% make
[  0%] Building C object src/CMakeFiles/H5detect.dir/H5detect.c.o
[  0%] Linking C executable ../bin/H5detect
[  0%] Built target H5detect
[  0%] Building C object src/CMakeFiles/H5make_libsettings.dir/H5make_libsettings.c.o
[  0%] Linking C executable ../bin/H5make_libsettings
[  0%] Built target H5make_libsettings
[  0%] Create H5lib_settings.c
dyld[69160]: Library not loaded: @rpath/libszip.2.1.dylib
  Referenced from: <893565BE-D306-3437-AA9A-67027F43FC49> /Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/bin/H5make_libsettings
  Reason: tried: '/Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/lib/libszip.2.1.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/bin/libszip.2.1.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/bin/../lib/libszip.2.1.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/bin/libszip.2.1.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/lib/libszip.2.1.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/bin/libszip.2.1.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/bin/../lib/libszip.2.1.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/bin/libszip.2.1.dylib' (no such file)
/bin/sh: line 1: 69160 Abort trap: 6           /Users/***/Libraries/hdf5-1.14.2/build/bin/H5make_libsettings H5lib_settings.c
make[2]: *** [src/gen_SRCS.stamp2] Error 134
make[1]: *** [src/CMakeFiles/gen_hdf5-static.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

注：szip库同样是通过cmake从源码编译并安装在/usr/local/lib目录。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user1139069